Thursday, October 31, 2019

Unit 1 Lab Assignemnt Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Unit 1 Lab Assignemnt - Coursework Example Creating a scope sets a range of IP addresses that the DCHP leases to the clients (Bender 27). Creating an exclusion range of IP addresses, on the other hand, sets a range of IP addresses that one would not like to be offered to the DCHP clients. To enable a DHCP client to use an address permanently, one creates client reservations. Knowledge of the above concepts helps a networker prevent errors that may develop from improper configuration. DHCP uses options to pass additional IP setting to DHCP clients on a network. These options include DNS server, Domain name or the wins server. Configure server options applies the options to all scopes while configure scope options applies the options to a single scope (IT Essentials: Pc Hardware and Software Companion Guide 53). The design of DHCP options involves definition of parameters and settings to establish the boundaries of a given DHCP configuration. The options can be applied in a single scope or applied to all scopes defined in the server. Understanding the above concepts helps a networker efficiently make changes and debug errors to either one scope or all the scopes defined in the server. In addition to the DHCP configuration, there exist advanced settings for DHCP. One can enable the pool configuration, specify additional service availability settings and set up HA synchronization. Configuring a DHCP relay agent involves configuring the relay agent program on a computer (It Essentials: Pc Hardware and Software Companion Guide 76). Messages can be sent through different subnets only if a networker understands the concept of setting up a relay agent and sets up one. Setting up a relay agent on a computer on each subnet allows message traffic to be relayed to computers on different subnets (Bender 67). This knowledge helps a network developer a lot in minimizing the cost that would have been incurred in purchasing another DHCP server. Configuration Protocol for IPv6 can also be configured for DHCP.

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

The Epitome of Public Service Essay Example for Free

The Epitome of Public Service Essay The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, Nancy Pelosi, as Sandra McElwaine puts it, has had her stint with the news media for looking a bit more refreshed, the pseudo-acronym for plastic surgery . Pelosi’s refreshed look tells the story of a firm character and a patriot’s dedicated service to a nation with no sign of giving up characterized by the absence of veins of strain on her magnificent face. The glamorous grandma, as it is obviously illustrated with her sharp present-eyes that would pierce anyone who poses opposition for the pro-Jew democrat is magnificent despite her age with her seamless features . Pelosi comes from a family with a strong tradition in public service. Thomas D’Alessandro, Jr. , Pelosi’s father, after representing the city of Baltimore in Maryland for five congressional terms, also went on to serve as its mayor for twelve years. Thomas D’Alessandro III, her brother, followed in her father’s footsteps as he served as the city’s mayor as well. She graduated from Washington’s Trinity College in 1962 and together with her husband Paul Pelosi, they have five children: Alexandra, Jacqueline, Christine, Nancy Corinne and Paul. Pelosi has represented the eighth district of California in the United States House of Representatives. The eighth district consists most of San Francisco City which includes Chinatown, Golden Gate Park, Fisherman’s Wharf as well as many of the numerous neighborhoods adding up to San Francisco community’s vibrancy as well as prosperity. The current House Speaker has led campaigns for the increase of educational opportunities for young Americans as well as campaigns for the protection of employees. Additionally, Pelosi has been extremely vocal on legislations that promote health care, especially women’s health as well as the creation of a nationwide health-tracking-network that was aimed at assessing the connection between chronic diseases and environmental pollutants. Moreover Pelosi has also led efforts aimed at increasing investments in health as well as health related research whereupon she has secured financial support that doubled the National Institutes of Health’s budget . Together with the help of other representatives, Pelosi has prevailed against efforts aimed at reducing funding for international family planning programs. The creation of housing opportunities for individuals living with HIV/Aids ranks among Pelosi’s major legislative victories. Additionally, she has also been at the forefront of accelerating the development of an HIV vaccine as well as the expansion of access to Medicaid for individuals who have been infected by the deadly virus. Moreover, the speaker was also at the forefront in the house campaign that saw funding for Ryan White CARE Act increased. Other programs that have also seen her staunch support include the Minority HIV/AIDS Initiative in addition to other critical programs to people infected with HIV/AIDS. Her passion for improved health services to the American public has also seen her successfully increase access to health insurance for disabled Americans by way of ensuring that they are continuously covered with a healthcare policy . Moreover Pelosi was also a vehement force in the passage of legislation that saw nonprofit organizations assisted in the creation of affordable housing. As a member of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (HPSCI) for the longest continuous time of service in the history of the committee (ten years) which also include two years as a Ranking Democrat, she worked to guarantee military commanders as well as policymakers access to accurate and timely intelligence critical for directing diplomatic initiatives as well as success during combat and protection of American forces. Pelosi’s service to the Public has not been limited to American soil as she has also been vocal in meetings the world over with both American as well as foreign intelligence leaders. In this regard, Pelosi has called for increased attention to the danger that America and the international community is exposed to with the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction including nuclear as well as biological threats . In a move that finalized her passion for public service, Pelosi led congressional reviews of American security and intelligence agencies whereupon she authored legislation aimed at creating an autonomous national commission to examine the federal government’s performance before, during as well as after the September 11 attacks. Pelosi’s virtue and humanity is resplendent and reflective in her advocacy for human rights around the world. This is especially evident with her brutal but intelligent fights for the improvement of human rights in China, especially in the context of her tying of America’s commerce with China to the communist state’s human rights record. The peak of her human rights stints with China has to be her efforts to free Tibetans. Just as the environment and the public are two symbiotic aspects inextricably bound, Pelosi’s service to the public is not complete without shades of environmental efforts . She secured the passage of a stipulation within the International Development and Finance Act of 1989. In this act, the World Bank as well as all regional multilateral development banks is required to assess likely environmental effects of all development projects they finance. Additionally, the said institutions are required to make these assessments available publicly. This Pelosi tool has evolved as a critical tool for foreign and indigenous non-governmental organizations in the world. Work Cited Page American Power. â€Å"Nancy Pelosi: Safe Environment a Basic Human Right. American Power. Gaffney, Mark, â€Å"Who is Nancy Pelosi? Bi-partisan consensus on Americas War in the Middle East† Common Dreams (2005). Garber, Kent (2010) â€Å"Pelosi Fights for More Low Income Subsides in Healthcare. † US News World Report. McElwaine, Sandra. â€Å"Who Did Nancy Pelosis New Face? † The Daily Beast. (2009). Rosenthal, Cindy Simon and Peters, Ronald M. , â€Å"Who is Nancy Pelosi? † PS: Political Science Politics, V. 41. (2008)

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Industry Analysis Of The Beer Companies Commerce Essay

Industry Analysis Of The Beer Companies Commerce Essay The U.S. beer industry got its start in the 1840s and 1850s with the introduction of lager style beers, brought by German immigrants. Before that point, beers were heavily oriented toward ale, porter, and stout and were mostly brewed at home. At about the same time, several technological advances occurred that led to the development of the U.S. beer industry as we know it today. Mechanical refrigeration greatly aided in the production as well as the storage of beer. Pasteurization was also adopted during this period, which opened the way for wide-scale bottling and off-premise consumption of beer. By 1850 there were about 430 breweries in the United States, producing about 750,000 barrels of beer annually. Commercial brewers began to grow in size and number, and by the late nineteenth century there were almost 1,300 breweries. The beer industry is widely known for been an oligopoly. However, in our approach, we will explore the possibility of analyzing microbreweries in particular from a monopolistic competition market structure perspective. The beer market oligopoly is composed by three big players: Anheuser-Busch which holds 48 % of the market share, Miller Brewing Co., with 18% and Coors Brewing Co. with 11%. Please refer to the below graph and table for information regarding the market share held by the remaining companies. (Market shares are shown based on shipments of 205.6 million cases in 2005 and 210 in 2006) Anheuser-Busch Company is a dominate competitor. It is the largest brewing company in the United States, operating 12 breweries in the United States and 20 in other countries. Anheuser-Busch InBev is the largest global brewer with nearly 25% global market share and one of the worlds top five consumer products. The brewing industry as a whole is made up of several dominant multinational companies and thousands of smaller producers, which range from regional breweries to microbreweries. The market is heavily saturated with competition. The beer industry is divided into standard lager, premium lager, specialty beer, ales, stouts, and bitters, and low/no alcohol. These three varieties are divided in smaller categories based taste, what the beer is made from, calories, strength, etc. In the MillersCoors family they sell Miller Lite, Coors Light, Blue Moon Belgian White, Coors, Fosters Henry Weinghards, Icehouse, Keystone Premium, Leinenkugels Killians Irish Red. Miller Genuine Draft, Miller High Life, Milwaukees Best, Molson Canadian, Peroni Nastro Azzurro, Pilsner Urquell, Red Dog, and that just begins to scratch the surface. Coors and Miller light are the top selling beers. They are pale lager beers called Pilsners. Through diversification of products, mergers and joint ventures with competitors to strength portfolio diversity and gain market share MillerCoors Brewing Company has competed fiercely against its competition and will continue to grow through striving for excellence and innovation. Smaller Competitors (not limited too) Asahi Breweries Diageo Heineken Kirin Brewery Company Carlsbery Boston Beer Company Lion Nathan San Miguel Corporation II. Socioà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Economic The alcohol industry has faced many policies, regulations, laws, and rules to govern the manufacture, promotion, distribution, sale, and use of alcohol. Some include but are not limited to. The Prohibition in the United States banning the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcohol shut down the brewing industry for 13 year between 1920 and 1933. The alcohol excise taxes that impose volume taxes on distilled spirits, win, and beer that are in addition to State alcohol taxes. Keg tagging and Registration that would hold buyers accountable. Community-based approaches to reduce risks associated with retail alcohol environments such as Responsible Beverage Service. Limiting alcohol sales licenses. Limiting Alcohol Sales at public events, being able to cut people off. Advertising limits and regulations, underage consumers can not be marketed to. Numerous state laws regarding the sale of alcohol (such as Indiana cannot sell alcohol on Sundays) and legal limits for driving. III. Porters Five Forces A. Threat of New Entrants (low/medium) The Threat to New Entrants in low to medium, low because it would be difficult to achieve the success of the larger companies such as Anheuser-Busch or MillerCoors and medium because it is possible to enter as a small microbrewery although if success surround the microbrewery more than likely one of the big competitors would enter a joint venture or merge with the company. Although as illustrated in the graph below the beer industry is growing. Many factors could cause this including the current economic recession. During difficult economic times the sales of alcohol increases. Due to the high rules and regulation apposed on the beer industry and the high market presence of top competitors it would be difficult for new entrants to hurt MillerCoors. Looking at the situation in a different way Coors to be successful and competitive had to merge with Molson Inc. and begin joint venture with multiple other companies the largest being Miller Inc. To be successful in this market it takes a great deal of capital for raw materials, production, advertising, and distribution. For a start-up company alone it would be difficult to raise the capital needed. B. Suppliers The Threat of Suppliers is Medium/High. Raw materials account for a large percentage of the total costs and if supplier increase prices it cuts into the profit or the company has to price its product higher and because the beer industry is so competitive that could prove to be problematic. Although it is medium to high because MillerCoors is such a large company that it gives them a backbone to be able to negotiate. The supplier though overall could have a big impact on the final product. C. Buyers The threat of buyers is high because people do not always have brand loyalty when it comes to beer. There is a large number of brewers and companies and without brand loyalty the buyer way buy whats cheapest, or on sales, etc. Buyers taste and preferences control the market. The beer industry has even began to make beers with only 55 calories for the beer drinkers trying to watch their weight. The amount of money put into research and development and advertising shows the power of the consumers and the need for market share. D. Substitute Products The threat of substitutes is medium because although in the alcohol industry there is a lot of choices many beer drinkers like the low alcohol social drink. Many people drink beer at ball games, bars, football games, nascar events, and so on and it is more a culture. There will always be other options to what people would like such as water, tea, carbonated beverages, etc. but beer is beer and not easily replaced in the culture. E. Rivalry The threat of Rivalry is high because the market is heavily saturated with completion. Many companies have merged and began joint ventures and the market has consolidated thus creating powerhouses and it would be difficult for a company to penetrate the market while the powerhouses have such strong market shares not only in the United States but globally also. IV. Conclusion As for the industry analysis I believe that the beer industry is a growing market with few major players and many microbreweries. Anheuser-Busch has a strong hold on the market share although there are areas that Coors can improve upon to gain market share such as brand image and lack of marketing. The market is heavy saturated with competitors although many are small compared to Anheuser-Busch, Miller, and Coors. It would be difficult to penetrate the larger market because of the strong hold they have on the market share especially Anheuser-Busch. Anheuser-Busch has strong brand recognition/awareness and strong marketing campaigns this is the key to their success. Part II: Firm Analysis I. Current Situation It is drank at ball games, bars, when people are celebrating, when people are depressed, and sometimes just when people have had a long day at work. Beer is the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic beverage. It ranks third in most popular drinks falling behind only water and tea. In 2006 more than 35 billion gallons of beer was sold with producing total global revenue of $294.5 billion. The Coors Brewing Company is the worlds fifth-largest brewing company in the world and Molson Coors Brewing Company is third largest brewing company in the U.S. Its popularity is linked to having the largest single brewery facility in the world, marketing research and understanding of it consumers, financial structure and most importantly through strong branding. Molson Coors Brewing Company strive to continually challenge and consistently reinvest in its people as passionate stewards of the brand. Molson Coors Brewing Company grew from the dreams of Adolph Coors and John Molson. Both individuals though different in many aspects shared the same common passion for brewing. Their journeys started and ended in different times and locations but together they work toward what is now known as Molson Coors Brewing Company. Separated by many years and numerous miles their dreams in 2005 overlapped with the Merger of Molson Inc. and Golden, Colorados Adolph Coors Company. Than to become a better competitor of Anheuser-Busch in 2007 SabMiller and Molson Coors Brewing Company entered into a joint venture to create MillerCoors. The Coors history begins in 1873 when the Golden Brewery opens, advertising bottled beer, ale, porter, cider, imported and domestic wines and seltzer water. In 1890 17,600 barrels of beer were outputted. With a growing company in 1920 the prohibition aka The Noble Experiment took place making the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcohol for consumption illegal this ended in 1933 and the Golden Brewery resumed operations. In 1953 Coors began to advertise on television and in 1955 Coors produced more than 1 million barrels. In 1970 the annual sales exceeded 7 million barrels. 1975 Coors becomes a publically traded company. In 1990 annual production exceeds 19 million barrels. In 1991 Coors became available in can and bottles in Indiana and was than available in all 50 states. In 2005 Coors Brewing Company and Molson Inc. merged together to take a leading role in the consolidating global brewing industry. In 2008 Molson Coors entered in to a joint venture with SABmiller to creat e MillerCoors in the United States. B. Strategic Posture The mission is not clearly stated on their website. All I could find was their community investments mission which is Our community investment mission is to promote the health and well being of individuals and communities where we do business. Our investments treat all people and resources with integrity and respect. I think on their website they have done a good job at showing people how they have become involved in protecting the environment and that they view being socially and environmentally responsible important. I believe that Coors need to have a mission, vision, and values statement to show all their employees, managers, suppliers, distributors, and even customers what they hope to accomplish and what they stand for. If a company has a direction to move toward they can begin taking steps forward. After more research on another site I found a vision for the company but on the companys own site I could not find it. The other site said their vision was, Molson Coors vision is to be a top-performing brewer winning through inspired employees and great brands. Were driving growth by becoming an innovative, brand-led company, delivering and re-investing productivity for growth as we build a winning, value-based culture. I believe for them to get their desired results that they will have to better market themselves. This includes restructuring their website and getting their mission out. Anheuser-Busch does a great job at presenting a story that people can follow and laugh with. II. External Environment (Opportunities and Threats) Opportunities included their merger with Molson and their joint ventures to capture more of the market share. They also have a lot of potential for growth because the beer industry itself is growing. Their name is known and now they just have to improve on what their name signifies. Threats included substitutes products as well as other brewing companies. The high market share of Anheuser-Busch. III. Internal Environment (Strengths and Weaknesses) Strengths included innovation, and a diverse portfolio of brands and products. The company also has a long history, working capital, and experience through difficult times. Weaknesses include bad publicity that has occurred. No clear mission, vision, and values for the company, suppliers, distributors, and customer can read. Another weakness is the high threat of substitutes in the market. The management of Coors realized that they needed to band with other competitors to ensure that they could be a presence in the marketing. They have taken actions to improve marketing and are still working toward making the company better. Change is not a short process and it takes a lot of time for people to accept change. Recommendations Improve on brand awareness through marketing and advertising. Coors needs to become a more friendly company that people can known and trust like a Disney or Pepsi. When people think beer most people automatically think Budweiser and Coors needs to work to have their name out more, sponsor events, have commercials, etc. Part III: Firm to Firm (Coors vs. Class Strategic Company) Analysis Anheuser-Busch and Coors are much like Pepsi and Coke. They are both highly competitive companies that continually try to innovate and create new more attractive products for their consumers. All four companies attempt to satisfy consumer needs and wants. In this situation Anheuser-Busch is the Pepsi Company because they both hold overwhelming control of the market share. Coors is like Coke as Coke only holds 27% of the market share in the United States and Coors holds somewhere in the high teens. Unlike Coors though Coke has a strong marketing strategy but has not been able to compete with Pepsi on a global level. Their Porters analysis are also very similar. Work Cited Banham, Russ. Coors: a Rocky Mountain Legend. Lyme, Conn.: Greenwich Pub. Group, 1998. Print. Ogle, Maureen. Ambitious Brew: the Story of American Beer. Orlando: Harcourt, 2006. Print. Van, Munching Philip. Beer Blast: the inside Story of the Brewing Industrys Bizarre Battles for Your Money. New York: Times Business, 1997. Print.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Judgment in the House of Sand and Fog by Andre Dubus Essay example --

People place judgment on one another every day based on differences. Sometimes it is done subconsciously; sometimes it is done on purpose. In the book The House of Sand and Fog, by Andre Dubus III, two different cultures were represented; Kathy represented the culture of the western civilization, whereas Behrani represented the culture of Persians. People judge one another based on unimportant things, and get judged based on those same things as well. Two cultures were used to amplify how different their cultures were from one another. Throughout the book cultures vocalized what they did not like about the other cultures by placing judgment on people based on ethnicity, appearance, and status; despite how different the cultures were, they had something in common, negative judgment. In a world where there is so much diversity, the only way for all cultures to get along is to place judgments aside and accept the differences. The book is introduced with Behrani placing judgment on the people he works with. He is judging the other people based on their race, and their status. Behrani refers to the men he works with as if they don't deserve to even be in his presence. "He is goh, the shit of life. They are all goh," (pg 16). Even though many of the men he works with do not deserve to be regarded so low, Behrani judges them as he would if he still maintained the position he had in Iran as a colonel. Behrani and his family also judge Kathy for being American. When Behrani explains to his son the situation their family is now a part of he explains it in a way that is judging of Americans. He says, "Remember what I have told you of so many Americans: they are not disciplined and have not the courage to take responsibility ... ...g, like it was in the book The House of Sand and Fog. Much of the outcome of the book was based on the fact that judgments were made, had judgment not been made about status, Kathy may not have cared so much about getting that house back, had Behrani not been judged based on status, he may have not bought that home. Cultures judge one another every day, and people within those cultures judge each other as well. This constant judging of others and of ones self is what causes people to be unhappy in the first place. The only way to live happily within ones culture, and in the world of many cultures, is to accept that each culture and person is different, which is what makes each culture and person so special; the only way to live happily in ones life, is to accept and embrace differences. Works Cited: Dubus, Andre. House of Sand and Fog. New York: Norton, 1999

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Health and Care Level 2

1 Understand why communication is the working setting 1. 1 Identify the different  reasons people communicate  Ã‚                                                                                                                                       As a human being we have the sense to have others around us and as a result it is essential to communicate. Communication is a two way process and is a vital tool in our lives so it is very important to have a good communication. Reasons to communicate: -To express needs -To share and exchange ideas -To give and receive information and instructions -To socialise and share experiences -To build relationship To reassure -To express feelings and emotions -To understand and to be understood 1. 2 Explain how affective communication affects all aspects of the learners work. Within the care setting it's vital to communicate with people at all time. Effectiv e communication is important as ensures  that is  clear, concise, accurate, informative and most of all non-judgemental. Communication ensures affective team working and continuity of care. 1. 3Why it is important to observe an individual's reactions when communicating with them Communication is a two-way process when two individuals interact with each other.One person is de sender and the other person automatically becomes the receiver. Observing face and body reaction is very important because only 70-80% of communication is verbal so for that reason if you don't pay attention you can miss out on a large proportion of the communication. When working with an individual, supporters must get to know the person well and learn the best way to communicate with them as everyone has different needs. 2. 1Show how to find out an individual's communication and language needs, wishes and preferences.There are many ways of communication and people communicate in all sort of different ways, for that reason we should try to communicate with the person we are caring for in the easiest way as possible. One of the ways to find out a person's needs and preferences is by asking the person themselves as they are your best source of information. Otherwise you can speak to a family member or a close friend as they will probably have a great source of information. Another way to find out your clients wishes and preferences is by reading their care plan or asking a colleague with previous experience with a client. . 2 Demonstrate communication methods that meet an individual’s communication needs, wishes and preferences. Overcoming language differences and communication. First of all you will need to find out where the person is from and their culture, a use of a dictionary in their language will also help and be prepared to learn a fill words in their language. Other ways of overcoming the language barriers is the use of flashcards to indicate there needs but the most ef fective way communication with a person who speaks another language is a non-verbal communication.The use of gestures can also be helpful but bear in mind that some gestures can be extremely offensive in some cultures. An interpreter is also another alternative in a serious discussion. A smile and a friendly face can be the key to overcome communication barriers. Meeting communication needs for someone with a hearing impairment. First of all make sure the persons hearing aid is working properly, installed with working batteries, clean, and that the person hearing aid is fitted correctly. Ensure the place where you sitting is quiet, light, and close enough so that the person can see your face clearly.Some people with hearing impairment will lip read while others will use a form of sign language for communication. Give the service user extra time to process what you are trying to say, speak clearly and in the right tone of voice. Meeting communication needs for someone with visual imp airment. As a carer we should know that a person with visual impairment is not sure what is going on around them because of their disability. The ways of overcoming that barrier: –  making sure that you introduce yourself when entering their room -speaking clearly in a right tone of voice using touch to the hand and arm as saying you are concerned and sympathetic -find out from the client what system of communication they require -never take the arm of someone who is visually impaired to help them move around, allow the person the person to take your arm and ask for guidance. Meeting communication needs of people with physical disability. – There is different ways to deal with disability because it would depend on the nature of the disability or illness. For example if your client had a stroke you will need to use very short sentences, speaking slowly and allowing the person to process what you have said and compose a reply.Using gestures and simple questions which o nly need a yes or a no answer is always a good method of communication. Writing, drawing or using flash cards is also another way of communication. – Neurone disease or cerebral palsy can also lead to speech difficulty, it means that there is no need to speak slowly as the person will understand perfectly what you are saying but it will be difficult to reply back to you. Also you will have to become familiar with sounds and the way the person communicate. Meeting the communication needs of people with a learning disability.When working with people with learning disability you have to adjust to their way of communication. You should gatherer essential information about the person and their level of understanding and kind of communication is most effective. One of the ways to communicate with a person with learning disability is physical contact, some people have a better understanding with physical level rather than a verbal level, but this will depend in each individual. 2. 3 How and when to seek advice about communication The best way to find out in who to communicate with a person is asking themselves.However if communication is not possible you can ask their family or a close friend. Nevertheless when communication is hard and you fill that the person you are communicating with is not capturing the message you should seek advice by asking your line manager in getting specialists or organisations involved and helping you to communicate. There are many organisations with specified knowledge about communication with individuals with sensory loss. Do not assume you can do everything yourself. You should seek advice  whenever you have doubts so you can provide the best service possible. . 1 Identify barriers to effective communication There are many barriers which effect communication. Culture is one of them. We take for granted that everyone has the same view of point of communication. In some cultures a younger person shouldn't have eye contact with th e oldest and some articular gestures can be very disrespectful. The is also the language barrier, so remember when communicating with a person who speaks a different language from you, you should speak clearly, using proper words without abbreviation, in a right tune of voice.Communicating with people with sensory loss can be a barrier. The best way to overcome the barriers: -list the problems to the communication. -list the ways you could try to overcome the communication problems. 3. 2Demonstrate ways to reduce barriers to effect communication -making the person feel as comfortable as possible -use gestures and pictures -give extra time for the person to process what you have said -smile, showing a positive expression -be warn and encouraging -make use of a dictionary if needed -speak clearly in a right tone of voice check hearing aid to see if it is working properly -use appropriate signing -use writing communication -reduce noise and improve lighting -repeating information if ne cessary -keep calm and remain patient -keep conversation sort and simple with someone who has difficulty in replay -judge appropriate level of communication -make sure conversation has been understood Remember you should always give your client the opportunity to express their needs and preferences Demonstrate ways to check that communication has been understood Making sure the person understood the conversation is vital.You can do that by: -listening effectively -ask the person to recap the discussion -maintain eye contact, to the person’s reaction -use of body language -make use of questions like (what, how, why, when and where) -showing interest to the conversation by leaning slightly -check their facial expression to see if the person has engaged in the conversation. 3. 4 Identify sources of information and support or services to enable more effective communication Language issues: You may need the service of an interpreter.You can find details of how to contact one from: your line manager, social services, police, embassy or the consulate of the person in need. Illness that affect people’s ability to produce sounds, use their neck and facial muscles may need the use of assistive technology. Some people will need advice of a speech and language therapist. People with sensory loss can use the NRCPD. This includes sign language, interpreters, lip readers, deaf blind communication and note takes. 4. 1Explain the term confidentialityConfidentiality means not sharing information about someone’s private personal information without their knowledge and consent. 4. 2Demonstrate confidentiality in a day-to-day communication in line with agreed ways of communication All the  information someone gives or is given on their behalf to an organisation is confidential and it should not be passed on. In some situations personal information needs to be passed on to a hospital, residential home, to a private agency. However only the information which i s required should be given.It is unethical to disclose of any information or talk about peoples personal issues with family, friends and colleagues. 4. 3 Describe situations where information normally considered to be confidential might need to be passed on There are many situations where confidential information should be passed on. If you receive an information about child abuse you should report the information even if the child refuses to agree. But if an adult or an elderly person has been abused you have to have their consent, you can only persuade them to allow you to pass on the information.Police might need personal information about an individual if they have been involved in a serious crime. In a situation when an individual threats to harm someone else or if they put others in danger. 4. 4 Explain how and when to seek advice about confidentiality If you are unsure when to maintain confidentiality you should seek advice from your manager whether is regarding clients or co lleagues. Maintaining trust and relationship with others is very important so check the organisation on information and confidentiality

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Job Insecurity Essay

The negative job- and health-related implications job insecurity has on your organization With the increased effort of organizations to remain competitive while also reducing costs, downsizing the employee pool has been a recurring theme in corporate enterprise. As a consequence, feelings of job insecurity within an organization are growing. The absence of an appropriate response to job insecurity among employees only contributes to the job insecurity faced by many employees. There is a tendency among managers to consider job insecurity a psychological issue only the employee, him or herself, can mediate. While this consideration isn’t unreasonable, it should be noted that the implications of this line of thinking are hazardous to the employee and the organization as a whole. The article, â€Å"Who Suffers More from Job Insecurity? ,† written by Grand H. -L Cheng and Darius K. -S Chan, presents the results of a metaanalytic review (the â€Å"Review†) on the effects of job insecurity for an employee and for the organization. The focus of the Review is the varying effects job insecurity has on employees with differing organizational tenure, age, and gender. Their intention was to discover if the abovementioned demographics are more or less prone to job insecurity. Outside of an improved understanding of which employees are more or less affected by job insecurity, this Review further advances the appropriateness of management response to employee-felt job insecurity. Developing an adequate response to employees who feel concern regarding their organizational position is instrumental in reducing negative implications like turnover intention and withdrawal cognitions. At the root of these negative implications lies job insecurity as a stressor. It is the existence of the stressor that invokes in an employee a desire to rid the job frustration. Knowing which employees are more prone to job insecurity can allow a manager to develop an appropriate response the job stressor. To demonstrate the effects of job insecurity, Cheng and Chan utilized a total of 133 studies (published and unpublished) that provided 172 independent samples, involving 132,927 employees. These studies â€Å"measured the subjective experience of job insecurity of employed people. (Cheng and Chan, 280) The authors of the study included a number of correlated variables in their Review. Among these variables were organizational commitment, turnover intention, work performance, job involvement, psychological health, and physical health. Two raters (graduate psychology students) â€Å"coded† each sample within each study. The coding included detailing various sample characteristics such as sample composition and sample size. The coders also identified the relationships recognized in each of the Who suffers more from job insecurity? tudies. The relationships included those between job insecurity and correlated variables like job satisfaction and trust. The correlations were further corrected by way of another meta-analytic method so to account for measurement error on the correlations identified in each compiled study. The results of the Review indicated that job insecurity was negatively related to job satisfaction, organizational commitment, work performance, and job involvement. It was further concluded that job insecurity was positively related to turnover intention. While many of the conclusions from the Review may seem obvious to members of management, the effects of the correlated variables on differing demographics is what might be of surprise. In regards to age, job insecurity and its relationship to turnover was heightened in terms of younger employees. However, job insecurity had a smaller effect on the psychological and physical health of this same demographic. This might be due to the fact that younger employees believe they have the capability to search for comparable positions within other organizations and so view turnover as an optimal solution. As a side note, organizational commitment and work performance did not differ among age demographics when employees overall were experiencing job insecurity. It was also revealed that gender differences had no effect on job insecurity. Both men and women consider job insecurity an uncomfortable and unwanted stressor in the workplace. Males and females alike will suffer negative consequences due to not feeling secure in their organizational position. Focusing on the third demographic of the Review, it was determined that job insecurity and turnover intention was more positively related in employees with shorter tenure. Shorter tenured employees may feel that they have invested less time into the organization and thus decide that leaving an organization won’t have the implications longer tenured employees believe that it will. Longer tenured employees may feel a stronger tie to the organization and thus leaving is not a viable option. Taking health into consideration, longer tenured employees and older employees are more prone to experiencing healthrelated issues due to feelings of job insecurity. Longer tenured employees and older employees experience the threat of unemployment more heavily than those of a younger generation and a younger tenure. Chen and Chan conclude that this could be due to the increase in family obligations that is typical of a longer tenured employee or an older generation. Also, longer tenured employees are often more committed to their organization than are shorter tenured employees. Having a long-standing relationship with an organization increases feelings of obligation toward the organization. This doubt is manifested into a negative psychological implication that does hinder the health of the employee. While it can be a difficult endeavor unraveling an employee’s feelings of job insecurity, one thought holds true. If management can learn that employees are most impacted by job insecurity, they can begin to alleviate the negative implications these feelings bring. Helping longer tenured or older employees feel as if their â€Å"tribal knowledge† is valuable to the company is one specific action managers can take to affect performance and attitudes. Also, institute mentoring between older and newer employees so both feel a stronger sense of organizational commitment. Finally, the most crucial action management can take is addressing how the company communicates layoff/reduction to employees. The not knowing is the worst part – who, when, or how many. However, identifying the causes of insecurity that employees feel about their positions is the first step management can take in helping to make employees feel less insecure. Also, having an understanding of why certain demographics experience differing effects due to job insecurity is equally important. This understanding will help management prepare their approach and, in the long run, improve the relationship between the employee and the organization.

Free Essays on Paul Of Tarsus

It was A.D. 6 and Augustus Caesar ruled the land. The Roman Empire stretched from Spain to Syria. It was the â€Å"golden age† of literature. The official state religion was that of worshiping the Greco-Roman gods and goddesses. The Romans had cults of household and rural spirits other than the formal official religion. Unfortunately these practices failed to please many people. Many mystery religions flooded the western world of the Early Empire. Another religion at the time was Judaism. Jesus of Nazareth altered that religion. After His death and resurrection, disciples followed in His footsteps and continued to spread His word. Paul was a disciple of Jesus. Paul of Tarsus was the most important figure in early Christianity after Christ because he provided a universal foundation for the spread of Jesus’ ideas, reached out to gentiles (non-Jews), and transformed Christianity from a Jewish sect into a broader religious movement. Augustus Caesar, referred to as the princeps (first among equals), ruled the Roman Empire. He ended the civil wars, which greatly increased his popularity. He controlled his army and at the same time kept the peace among the citizens. He added a lot of territory to the Roman Empire. Its boundaries included â€Å"Armenia, middle Mesopotamia, the Arabian Desert, Nubia, the Sahara, the Moroccan mountain mass, the North Sea, the Rhine, the Danube, the Black Sea, and the Caucasus† (The Roman Empire). The 200 years of peace known as the Pax Romana began in his rule (The Roman Empire). Roman society in the early empire was a system of social status. Roman citizens were divided into three basic classes: the sentorial, equestrian, and lower classes. The sentorial was the most powerful and wealthiest class. A Roman citizen had to be in good standing and own property valued 400,000 sesterces could be an equestrian. The majority of the population was in the lower classes. They had no political power... Free Essays on Paul Of Tarsus Free Essays on Paul Of Tarsus It was A.D. 6 and Augustus Caesar ruled the land. The Roman Empire stretched from Spain to Syria. It was the â€Å"golden age† of literature. The official state religion was that of worshiping the Greco-Roman gods and goddesses. The Romans had cults of household and rural spirits other than the formal official religion. Unfortunately these practices failed to please many people. Many mystery religions flooded the western world of the Early Empire. Another religion at the time was Judaism. Jesus of Nazareth altered that religion. After His death and resurrection, disciples followed in His footsteps and continued to spread His word. Paul was a disciple of Jesus. Paul of Tarsus was the most important figure in early Christianity after Christ because he provided a universal foundation for the spread of Jesus’ ideas, reached out to gentiles (non-Jews), and transformed Christianity from a Jewish sect into a broader religious movement. Augustus Caesar, referred to as the princeps (first among equals), ruled the Roman Empire. He ended the civil wars, which greatly increased his popularity. He controlled his army and at the same time kept the peace among the citizens. He added a lot of territory to the Roman Empire. Its boundaries included â€Å"Armenia, middle Mesopotamia, the Arabian Desert, Nubia, the Sahara, the Moroccan mountain mass, the North Sea, the Rhine, the Danube, the Black Sea, and the Caucasus† (The Roman Empire). The 200 years of peace known as the Pax Romana began in his rule (The Roman Empire). Roman society in the early empire was a system of social status. Roman citizens were divided into three basic classes: the sentorial, equestrian, and lower classes. The sentorial was the most powerful and wealthiest class. A Roman citizen had to be in good standing and own property valued 400,000 sesterces could be an equestrian. The majority of the population was in the lower classes. They had no political power...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Botany of a City Essay Example

Botany of a City Essay Example Botany of a City Essay Botany of a City Essay The narrative of each community can be determined by its works life. Plant life can find what will populate the country and what the economic system will boom on. Atlanta. Georgia is no exclusion. When the first European adventurers reached the upper Piedmont of Georgia. it was already inhabited by Creek Indians. besides known as the Muskogee. The Creek Indians believed that there were supernatural powers attributed to all natural things. They used many workss in mending the sick and besides believed that there were workss that would supply them with greater runing powers. The bulk of Creek district was located in the hilly Piedmont. The flora was an oak-pine wood. composed of a assorted growing of oak. pine. Sassafras albidums. chestnut. and hickory trees. In Indian Territory. Creek lands were a mosaic of oak forest. tallgrass prairie. and bottomland hardwood forest altering to a assorted long and short-grass prairie on the western fringe of their part. The majority of the country encompassed a forested belt known as the Cross Timbers. Creek Indians chose to settle in watercourse bottomlands. and tried to avoid the to a great extent timbered and tall-grass prairie countries. They favored countries that provided dependable wood qand H2O beginnings. Limited agribusiness. widespread farm animal farming. and progressively spread tribal towns continued to qualify the Creek landscape. ( Swanton. 2000 ) This inhabitancy of the Creek Indians extended into the early 1800s. The Decatur country was treatied over from the Creeks in 1820. Many people assume that Native Americans left the woods virtually untouched ; nevertheless. this is non true. Native Americans cleared. farmed. and burned the landscape of Georgia. in some countries greatly impacting and altering the natural landscape. In the Atlanta country. autochthonal populations seemingly neer attained ample Numberss. Therefore. their influence on the present Atlanta landscape likely was minimum. ( Swanton. 2000 ) Many workss native to the Atlanta country were used by both the Indians and others for their medicative value. The Cornus Florida ( Dogwood tree ) is a flowering tree that will make a tallness of 25 pess at adulthood with a 25 pes spread. A assortment of Dogwood trees can be found throughout the state. but the ruddy Dogwood is more common to the southern parts of the state. The ruddy Dogwood grows in acidic. loamy. moist. rich. sandy. good drained. clay dirts. The ruddy Dogwood has red blooms that appear in the spring. This tree has glossy. ruddy fruit eaten by birds when ripened in the autumn. Blooming cornel was used medicinally by a figure of native North American Indian folk who valued it particularly for its styptic and antiperiodic belongingss. The dried root-bark is antiperiodic. styptic. sudorific. mildly stimulating and tonic. The flowers are said to hold similar belongingss. A tea or tincture of the acerb root bark has been used as a quinine replacement to handle malaria and besides in the intervention of chronic diarrhoea. The bark has besides been used as a to handle external ulcers and lesions. The interior bark was boiled and the tea rummy to cut down febrilities and to reconstruct a lost voice. A compound extract of the bark and the root has been used in the intervention of assorted childhood diseases such as rubeolas and worms. It was frequently used in the signifier of a bath. The fruits are used as a acrimonious digestive quinine water. The 1830s to the 1930s was the clip of great enlargement of agribusiness in the Georgia Piedmont. Cotton was a primary harvest and land that was level plenty to plough became agricultural land. Even countries of woods were cleared for the production of cotton. This left the land unprotected from eroding and the loss of surface soil. Cotton as a harvest drains the dirt of foods and in the 1930s the dirts became hapless. Many farms went belly-up and husbandmans abandoned their Fieldss. It wasn’t long before the pines rapidly reclaimed most Fieldss. and forestry became the agribusiness of the Piedmont. Pines could last in the hapless dirts. and the Piedmont bit by bit reforested. although it has non returned to its original province. From 1930 to 1960. Atlanta easy grew from a chiefly suburban and rural metropolis to a big urban metropolis. Further growing took topographic point from 1965 to show. This period of clip saw enormous residential. industrial. and transit growing. Atlanta became the great international metropolis that it is today. This enlargement eliminated many of our trees. changed drainage forms. increased impermeable surfaces. and disconnected and stray home ground spots. ( Livingston A ; Shreve. 1921 ) Cotton was a primary contributing factor to the growing of Atlanta’s agricultural industry. Cotton grows in a warm clime. with rich dirt. Cotton requires a 160-day hoar free turning period. Cotton is alone in that the full works can be utilized in different ways. The fibre or lint is used in doing cotton fabric. Linters provide cellulose for doing plastics. explosives. high quality paper merchandises and processed into batting for embroidering mattresses. furniture and car shock absorbers. The cotton seed is crushed and separated. with the oil being used for cooking. and the hulls being used as repast for farm animal. or fertiliser. Cotton is a labour intensive harvest and expanded the function of bondage in the South. Without the usage of slave labour. it is improbable that husbandmans would hold been able to bring forth adequate cotton to last. Prior to the Civil War. the cotton industry was challenged as slaves and land became more expensive and harder to happen. Farmers tried to works cotton anywhere they could happen. utilizing even hapless dirt. Cotton turning was turn outing to be profitable and anyone who could take portion in the industry did. With the usage of slave labour and the roar of the cotton industry. there became a division of category and race in Atlanta’s society. ( World Wide Web. georgianencyclopedia. com ) As a pillar of the Atlanta agribusiness. cotton expoundings became a manner for Atlanta to pull visitants and spread out their economic system. Atlanta held its first cotton expounding. the International Cotton Exposition in 1881. The intent of the expounding was to spread out trade. and hike the economic system. The International Cotton Exposition was host to more than 200. 000 people and lasted for two and a half months. Those who promoted and hosted the expounding were making so to spread out the economic system and make an industrial centre in Atlanta. The ferocious competition in the cotton industry would besides take to the death of the Atlanta countryside. as husbandmans leveled woods in order to make more land for the agriculture of cotton. ( Parkins. 1938 ) The xanthous pines played a major function in the development of the railway in Atlanta and the railway provided for the growing and enlargement of Atlanta and its economic system. It was the growing and enlargement of the agribusiness environing Atlanta that created the demand for enlargement in the transit industry. viz. the railway. Effective and efficient transit was needed. Atlanta was turning at rate faster than any other southern metropolis. Competition between communities in the South propelled the enlargement of the railway to Atlanta. Local politicians were cognizant that transit would supply for economic prosperity. Atlanta was given railway connexions with the seashore in 1845. Atlanta’s growing was in portion due to its geographic location. The creative activity of the southern end point of the first railway in northern Georgia. the Western and Atlantic. fixed its location and it became a hamlets of railwaies in the early 1850’s when a line was built northwestward from Augusta and another from Atlanta to Montgomery. The railway besides brought with it challenges during the Civil War. As a cardinal hub. it was the place of big industries for the Confederate ground forces and a terminal for supplies. and sustained major harm during the war. The railway provided Atlanta with an ability to keep its trade with the universe. ( Parkins. 1938 ) Atlanta was rich in resources to help in constructing the railway. The xanthous pines were used as railway ties and provided lumber for building. The Longleaf Pine is an evergreen that grows chiefly along the southern boundary line and the western border of the United States. In its mature province it will 60 to 80 pess in tallness. with a 30 to 40 pes spread. The Longleaf Pine grows in alkaline. loamy. rich. broad scope. clay dirts. The Longleaf Pine thrives in full Sun to partial shadiness. The Longleaf Pine bole has scaly. coarse. visible radiation. orange-brown bark with unsloped subdivisions organizing an ellipse. unfastened Crown. The flexible. dark green acerate leafs are up to 18? long. and the big. spinous cones are up to 10? long and may prevail on the tree for two old ages. For the first five to seven old ages. the pine stays in a caespitose. grass-like phase after sprouting. turning easy while the root system develops. It is drought tolerant once the tree is established. Following the grass phase. it grows at a medium to fast rate. The inch long bunchs of new growing are silver white during the winter. The roots are sensitive to disturbance during building. This tree provides nutrient and screen for wildlife. including the now endangered red-cockaded peckerwood. Squirrels. quails. brown-headed nutcrackers. and turkeys eat the seeds. ( World Wide Web. georgianencyclopedia. org ) Today merely 3 million estates across the South contain some longleaf woods. and of that lone about 12. 000 scattered estates retain an old-growth constituent with a biologically diverse understory. One survey estimates that Georgia maintained more than 4 million estates of longleaf wood in 1936. piece merely 376. 400 estates remained in 1997. The longleaf pine is considered to be the dominant tree species in this ecosystem and is indispensable to its being. It is in its understory where the diverseness of this system exists and has hence been threatened. In fact. the longleaf pine. grassland forest may good be the most diverse North American ecosystem North of the Torrid Zones. incorporating rare workss and animate beings non found anyplace else. The understory throughout the longleaf scope contains from 150 to 300 species of ground cover workss per acre. more breeding bird than any other southeasterly forest type. about 60 per centum of the amphibious and reptile species found in the Southeast. and at least 122 endangered or threatened works species. ( World Wide Web. georgianencyclopedia. org ) Atlanta is a metropolis rich in history and diverseness. much of which was created and sustained by its ecology and works life. It was the works life that sustained the Creek Indians until their ejection. Plants. such as the Cornus Florida were used medicinally among many others. In a clip period when modern medical specialty was non available. it is likely that these medicative workss played a critical function in mundane life. The function of cotton in the development and subsequent effects to Atlanta can non be overstated. As a primary harvest. it afforded for the growing of the metropolis but came with a cost to its environment and to its citizens. The cotton industry is mostly responsible for the race dealingss and much of the civil agitation that occurred in Atlanta and the southern parts of the United States. Competition that took topographic point for resources resulted in the devastation of forest lands and the constitution of a category society. Cotton besides took its labor on the really dirt in which it was grown. consuming it of foods needed to turn farther harvests. Although it was of import to the economic system of the Atlanta country. the consequence of forced growing and competition was non a successful locale for Atlanta. The Longleaf Pine was merely one of a big assortment of pine trees that grow in the Atlanta country. The Longleaf Pine provided high-quality timber for edifice stuffs ; natural stuffs for the naval shops industry. and eatage for farm animal. As with other resources in the Atlanta country. the overexploitation of forest lands. and the competition for resources depleted the wood and led to a diminution in the population of the Longleaf pine. The creative activity of a large-scale lumber industry furthered the diminution of the forest country. Atlanta. rich in resources. is a good illustration of hapless direction of the land by it inhabitants. Resources that were one time plentiful were depleted in order to construct industry and create net incomes. Livingston. Burton E. . and Forrest Shreve. The Distribution of Vegetation in the United States: Equally Related to Climatic Conditions. Washington. DC: Carnegie Institution of Washington. 1921. Questia. 26 Jan. 2007 lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o A ; d=9416357 gt ; . New Georgia Encyclopedia. The Longleaf Pine Ecosystem. World Wide Web. georgianencyclopedia. com 26 Jan. 2007 lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. georgiaencyclopedia. org/nge/Article. jsp? id=h-2200 A ; hl=y gt ; Parkins. A. E. The South: Its Economic-Geographic Development. New York: Wiley. 1938. Questia. 26 Jan. 2007 lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o A ; d=12088884 gt ; . Swanton. John R. Creek Religion and Medicine. Lincoln. Neon: University of Nebraska Press. 2000. Questia. 26 Jan. 2007 lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o A ; d=85724942 gt ; . Tang. Anthony M. Economic Development in the Southern Piedmont. 1860-1950: Its Impact on Agriculture. Chapel Hill. North carolina: University of North Carolina Press. 1958. Questia. 26 Jan. 2007 lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o A ; d=3520587 gt ; .

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Causes And Consequences Of Bribery In International Business Essay

Causes And Consequences Of Bribery In International Business - Essay Example Earlier regulations against corruption focused on companies in China only. Foreign companies often had to pay for getting licenses, indulge in the black market, evade customs, pay for foreign trips of officials, payments of their kids’ foreign education, or form cartels to overcome the system. The loose implementation of FCPA made it easier for US companies to indulge in corruption practices.  The â€Å"Criminal Law of the PRC† covers acts of bribery of state officials and employees of state-owned enterprises. The â€Å"Law Against Unfair Competition of the PRC† stops companies from giving money or property to customers.  The presence of grey areas such as the issue of gifts below the monetary value of $600 makes it less effective. The laws are framed in such a way that any kinds of gifts to anybody can be interpreted by manipulation of the law.  To control corruption practices, the US Company while starting its business in China, should modify its policies and procedures to suit the culture of the country, along with continuous training and reminding of the rules.  The comments by the US Foreign Services Agent highlight the shortcomings in the existing law and the inclination of agents towards helping US companies in corruption matters to provide them a level playing ground field with other country's companies.  1. The different types of bribes, payments or favors are payments for licenses to import and export, payment for foreign trips of Chinese officials, payment for the foreign apartment, foreign education of kids, payments to sell or purchase goods, payments to state officials in return of some favors, payments to evade customs.  6. The comments by the former US Foreign Service Agent highlight the flaws in the legal system, and unethical behavior of the agents. It is unethical as well as illegal to assist business by providing them the best corruption practices.  

Friday, October 18, 2019

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 64

Case Study Example Various advantages and negativities come from the company engaging in television and cable networks. One of the advantages that come from this is the fact that the company gets distribution advantages where the products market themselves, as opposed to relying on middle persons. Another advantage is that the success of other peoples’ films earns the company much money without having worked on them. The major disadvantage that comes from this is the inability to retain high profit margins in the ever-changing technology world. Moreover, the people may lose taste in a particular film produced by the company and consequently have its ratings decrease. The value creating decision for Disney in the acquisition of Marvel is through strategic planning that in this case involved the company management aiming to increase the profit gained by the management and consequently grow further. Some of the challenges that the managers face is the lack of coordination that may lead to some shows lacking flavor anymore to the audience and thus reducing ratings. Another challenge involved low quality products due to lack of specification. Sharp Corporation ought to consider many factors when determining the place to locate the production of LCDs. One of the factors that the managers ought to consider is regarding the target market for the commodity. The Targeted market ought to be where the company sets up its company basis. After changing the sell in Japan strategy, the company is bound to have an increase in the number of customers and this is owing to the difference in consumer preferences because they will feel as part of the company as currently they feel that the company is too localized. There are many alternatives to entry in different countries if the company does have a change in the location of some of its products. One of the entry methods that the company has is using branches where it can set up branches

Business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business plan - Essay Example Business Description The products to be sold are washable slippers—they are mainly used in the bath tubs and within the house. They are not designed for outdoor purposes. Their texture is soft, and the material they are made from is flexible and water-proof; that is, the washable slippers neither contaminate nor pollute the bathwater. This business plan details the procedures necessary for selling a brand of washable slippers for middle-aged male users. Though other categories of consumers can use the slippers; however, the initial research on this product was carried out with middle-aged male consumers in mind. Below are the data and chart that reveal how profitable the business is going to be when the target consumers/market is given ample consideration. 2 Table 1: Preferences for the Washable Slippers Comfortable (%) Uncomfortable (%) No comment (%) Middle-aged Male Users 75 20 5 Middle-aged Female Users 62 30 8 Teenagers 45 45 10 The data above was obtained by asking 20 mi ddle-aged men, women and teenagers to fill in their preferences in questionnaires concerning another pair of washable slippers. Their responses are tabulated above to demonstrate the likeness middle-aged men have for washable slippers. ... The form of organization chosen for this business is partnership. The major reasons for making this choice are that: (i) the size of the business is small; (ii) the capital to run the 4 business is limited; (iii) the partners can equally share the liability and profits accruable from the business; (iv) and being a medium-sized business, the partners would be able to concentrate more on rapid business development (Lazonic, 1993). Industry and Market Analysis The footwear industry in the United States is a large business: according to the US Census 2003, the value of men’s slippers that were manufactured alone in that fiscal year went up to about $3.6 million, while the total amount of slippers was $20 million (US Census 2003). However, the industry offers great opportunity for medium-sized enterprises to operate without undue competition from big players in the industry. And this is the main reason this business would be partnership, and the partners would be able to compete ev enly in the production of middle-aged men’s slippers without losing edges (Lazonic, 1993). Competitive Analysis Washable slippers are relatively new in the footwear industry. This kind of product will be so competitive in the market against the following primary and secondary competition. Primarily, rivals in the footwear industry normally compete on (i) price; (ii) look or appearance; (iii) durability. The washable slippers to be produced and marketed can 5 overcome these primary competitive indices by (i) offering considerable or moderate prices for the slippers; (ii) designing washable slippers that would have light weight and float easily in the bathwater; (iii) using good material to produce the slippers. Similarly there are some secondary

Social Groups Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Groups - Essay Example In European countries it seems that more emphasis is placed on the enjoyment of life, and not necessarily an enjoyment of money. In America it is often believed that fun and enjoyment cannot be had without spending money, whereas in Europe citizens learn to enjoy the simpler aspects of life and pleasures that come free of cost. The main difference between the work ethics of Americans and Europeans is that the United States is a more capitalistic society. 1.) "Capitalism is a system of wage based labor and commodity production for sale, exchange, and profit rather than for immediate use of the producers" (Scott). In the United States, citizens feel that they have to work in order to enjoy life. They hold the philosophy that one must work in order to receive. Americans believe that everyone is out for themselves and that if one wants to improve their quality of life they must work for it. 2.) While the United States work ethic is definitely money oriented, it is not purely capitalistic. 4.) The United States government has adapted some practices with a socialist background and applied them to the American way of life. Examples of these practices can be seen in free education for all, free healthcare for those that qualify, free food and food stamps for those that are in need, etc. In Europe, many citizens enjoy a more relaxed work schedule with longer weekends and more vacati

Thursday, October 17, 2019

What to do Being a city manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What to do Being a city manager - Essay Example Being a city manager I have been designated with all important tasks of maintaining the society. In order to achieve success in my course of action I have to consider many responsibilities that I owe to my community. State legislature is passing a bill which is intended to improve the society as a whole and decrease the underage drinking which can cause damage to the whole society. Having been provided with the situation I have limited options to select from in order to enact the bill implemented by the state. With less resources to avail from I have to decide on as to whom I should depend on. Firstly I would gather a meeting of the local councils in order to aware them of the situation that the city is currently going through. It is then that a proper agenda would be formed with the help of the advice that I would receive from my councils. Police department can only excel if I am provided with the resource of money so I can expand the police force of the community which can further keep a check on the underage drinking habits. For this program to be implemented I would advertise for volunteers who would like to keep a check on the problem which our society is currently facing. These volunteers can work for free so that underage drinking can be prohibited in the community. The current line of police officers can be designated the job of checking on bars and restaurants with feasible timings and timetable. These police officers can be assured of future perks and benefits that they would be provided for their hard work.

Information Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Information Governance - Essay Example Information management deals with the formation, preservation as well as the outlook of information. A company’s records can either be in form of a substantial, tangible item or digital data such as application data, e-mail and database. Historically, the lifecycle of a piece of information was considered to be from the point it was created up until the time of its disposal. However, in the past few decades, formation of data has escalated as much as the issues associated with its regulations and acquiescence, rendering the traditional method of records keeping unable to keep up with the pace. Consequently, the need for a more inclusive platform for organizing data and records became apparent so as to tackle every stage involved the information lifecycle (Hovenga & Grain, 2013). Therefore, the emergence of Information Governance was as a result of a failed traditional method of record management and the need for a better way of keeping information. Many forms of information go vernance have been introduced and embraced by many organizations, internationally, as they have proven to be more efficient and effective than traditional methods. For example, in 2003, England’s Department of Health launched the model of wide based information governance into the National Health Service (NHS). In addition, it distributed version 1 of an online performance evaluation tool alongside a supporting guidance. Currently, the National Health Service Information Governance Toolkit is used by over 30 000 NHS and associated organizations, backed-up by an e-learning platform that has over 650 000 users. Another example is the Generally Accepted Recordkeeping Principles (The Principles), introduced in 2008 by ARMA International. The Principles is meant to recognize the vital features of information governance, and therefore, apply to any

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Social Groups Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Groups - Essay Example In European countries it seems that more emphasis is placed on the enjoyment of life, and not necessarily an enjoyment of money. In America it is often believed that fun and enjoyment cannot be had without spending money, whereas in Europe citizens learn to enjoy the simpler aspects of life and pleasures that come free of cost. The main difference between the work ethics of Americans and Europeans is that the United States is a more capitalistic society. 1.) "Capitalism is a system of wage based labor and commodity production for sale, exchange, and profit rather than for immediate use of the producers" (Scott). In the United States, citizens feel that they have to work in order to enjoy life. They hold the philosophy that one must work in order to receive. Americans believe that everyone is out for themselves and that if one wants to improve their quality of life they must work for it. 2.) While the United States work ethic is definitely money oriented, it is not purely capitalistic. 4.) The United States government has adapted some practices with a socialist background and applied them to the American way of life. Examples of these practices can be seen in free education for all, free healthcare for those that qualify, free food and food stamps for those that are in need, etc. In Europe, many citizens enjoy a more relaxed work schedule with longer weekends and more vacati

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Information Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Information Governance - Essay Example Information management deals with the formation, preservation as well as the outlook of information. A company’s records can either be in form of a substantial, tangible item or digital data such as application data, e-mail and database. Historically, the lifecycle of a piece of information was considered to be from the point it was created up until the time of its disposal. However, in the past few decades, formation of data has escalated as much as the issues associated with its regulations and acquiescence, rendering the traditional method of records keeping unable to keep up with the pace. Consequently, the need for a more inclusive platform for organizing data and records became apparent so as to tackle every stage involved the information lifecycle (Hovenga & Grain, 2013). Therefore, the emergence of Information Governance was as a result of a failed traditional method of record management and the need for a better way of keeping information. Many forms of information go vernance have been introduced and embraced by many organizations, internationally, as they have proven to be more efficient and effective than traditional methods. For example, in 2003, England’s Department of Health launched the model of wide based information governance into the National Health Service (NHS). In addition, it distributed version 1 of an online performance evaluation tool alongside a supporting guidance. Currently, the National Health Service Information Governance Toolkit is used by over 30 000 NHS and associated organizations, backed-up by an e-learning platform that has over 650 000 users. Another example is the Generally Accepted Recordkeeping Principles (The Principles), introduced in 2008 by ARMA International. The Principles is meant to recognize the vital features of information governance, and therefore, apply to any

One girl one dream Essay Example for Free

One girl one dream Essay This knew that this wasnt the end of the man, he would be back, but next time I will hopefully be a bit more prepared. Eleza is that you? Cried a soft voice Mum? Mum is that you? I didnt think it was possible Eleza I knew you would come back she replied I have to go mum sorry, I cant get close to you because it will rip you apart when I leave again, sorry I shouted while running away down the street No Eleza no! I cant cope without you screeched mum That was the last time I ever saw my mum. Gun shots were fired shortly after I had left, and I just assumed that the police heard her and found out where she was hiding. I knew that the police would be after me soon so I searched refuge on the out skirts of the village, fortunately a couple were also on the run from the police so I went into a home with them, it wasnt an amazing home but at least it provided a roof over my head and food for my empty stomach. Why are you running from the police? I questioned the couple, because of our religion, people here do not support our beliefs and say that we dont belong in this community they stopped, they were going to say more but they could see that I was too tired to listen and so they rested my head in the cloth and rug bed they had made up for me, I thanked them. I started to shiver as it got later into the night so I moved my bed closer to the raging fire to keep warm. I woke up the next morning still feeling incredibly tired because I didnt sleep very well. The couple were very kind to me, for breakfast they gave me a cup of milk and also a piece of bread. Once I had finished eating my food I told the couple what my situation was and what my plans are, they took it as quite a surprise but understood completely and even offered to help out. Knowing that they were old enough to earn a living I stayed along side them for many days. Later on that evening we gathered around the beaming fire and chatted for hours and hours, that was until there was a knock at the door, shh, Eleza hide quickly said the couple silently. I tip toed towards the wooden toy chest and climbed in. open up! demanded a strong deep voice, The woman opened the door to the strange dark clothed man. on the floor, now! he shouted again The did as he said, I couldnt see everything but I could see through a little hole in the side of the chest. Even before the couple could have a chance to speak, the man shot them both in the head. As that bullet pierced into their skull I cringed and couldnt bare the sight, I wanted to cry but any noise could give me the same shot to the head. The strange dark man left, dragging the 2 bodies behind him. I broke out of the toy chest and went to the bathroom; I splashed water onto my face to revive my self, I knew it wasnt worth getting worked up about as I already had a mission to complete. But this incident just made me more determined to get back at the mayor. Whats next? Chapter 11 Screaming with silent rage I crept through the village of murderers. My mind was spinning and I had headaches slicing in and out my skull. I noticed the mayor walking down the street, I followed not too far behind, by the looks of it he was walking towards the forest, I wanted to go see if Oscar was ok but didnt want to chance getting caught. I gave up on following the mayor because he walked into a building and then just disappeared out of sight. I then focused on getting into the forest to see the construction so far. It had been raining the night before so the way up the hill was wet and slippery, I fell many times, but easily managed to get back up again. When I finally reached the top of the hill I saw that the construction hadnt progressed much at all. I went around back to see more, Eleza.. PST.. Eleza over here came a whisper from behind. hey, how are you here, I saw you had a arrow in your back, you cant be alive! I stepped back in shock, that was a tranquiliser, the guard saw me and assumed I was trying to steal the blueprint, so shot me simple mistake, Im sorry I scared you like that. are you still willing to help me then? I wanted to get this over with so I wasnt going to laze about. dont worry about the building Eleza, since youve been gone I have spoken to the mayor and many arguments were fought, but I have managed to convince them to make the building eco friendly. It will cost a lot more money to make but you are the reason why many animals in this forest will be preserved and protected well done! thank-you for doing this for me, how can I repay you for this? I felt incredibly happy that someone was inspired by me. come down to the mayors office with me tonight, I think he wants to talk to you replied the boy. are you mad! I will be killed! I shouted no seriously I can honestly say that you are safe with me, please trust me as I trusted you before pleaded the boy I felt that if I didnt go then it would be mean because he had helped me out a great deal and I should help him in return. ok then, but if anything should go wrong then may your thoughts be guilty for ever I accepted to see what the mayor wanted. I went off into the forest to get ready for tonight, I found Oscar beneath a big branch where we once stayed. He followed me down to the lake, I took a swim to clean off so not to get bad impressions with the mayor. The time passed and by the time I had dried off and got back to the construction site it was already time to go. come on then we best get a move on I said while already walking. We reached the mayors present house on time, we knocked on the door and waited for a response. Helping out- chapter 12 Enter please spoke a well mannered butler Just stay calm and when the mayor wants to talk then let him demanded the boy Hello Eleza, I have heard many stories of you, I understand that you like to stand up for what you believe in, am I right? said the mayor in a strong voice Yes, you are correct I answer in the simplest way possible I want you to do a favour for me, I will pay for your food and sleeping place, you wonder why, but I really do think that you have the courage we need, do you think you can manage to stand up for what you believe in even if the opposition is bigger?. I thought for a while before proclaiming my reply, I would love to take hold of the responsibility of helping out, but do not understand why you would choose me to do this, I was being chased by your men the other day, how can I know that I can trust you? I still wasnt convinced but if what he was saying was true then I would be overwhelmed and hopefully do a good job. Ok, I guess I should tell you now, I havent been completely straight with you, I will look after the forest here for you, but you must leave to southern Africa to do a job for me, flight is paid for, and you will be helping the green team to help decrease the amount of de forestation, and also in your free time you will be helping the smaller children in the schools but if you do not accept this then your precious forest will be burned to the ground for my house to be bigger! So the choice is yours. It wasnt much of a choice so I just did what I had to and agreed to go. I will go but Oscar must be able to fly over with me! Im sorry but it is illegal for wild animals like Oscar to fly over on the plane with you I knew he was right so I just gave in, but made sure that he is promised to be looked after by the mayor. I looked back and went to talk to my friend, Ive never been to Africa, is this a nice place to be? I havent ever been either, but I do know that it is a third world country, with children that need your help replied my friend. The mayor went out the room and talked to another man about the trip, I was shacking but not because I was scared, just because I was filled with many emotions, I was actually quite excited. Journey and arrival chapter 13 I set off early the following morning and endured 12 long tiring hours on the flight to northern Africa, then another 9 hours on a train to my destination. When I got off the train my legs were numb and floppy. When I arrived I was directed into a small long building and was told what I should do. The mayor explained that he is only here today then will be flying home tomorrow, and then he introduced me to my mentor. Eleza, I hope that your stay here will be pleasurable, my name is Mandisa please come meet our youngest residents in our village. I was taken into a classroom where little children stared at the teacher, they gave her all their attention, there was no shouting, it was just calm nice place to learn. I didnt want to disturb them so instead I went into the village centre and saw just how hard it was for them to survive. Could I have a cup of water please? I asked a local The man said nothing, he walked over to a well and scooped out a bucket of water, I went over to him, he handed me the bucket. Is this what you drink everyday? I wondered I looked into the bucket; the water was cloudy with dirt floating on the surface. This wasnt what I was expecting, I was hoping that the people hadnt been drinking this for too long, this water isnt drinkable and could kill if the wrong bits are drank. It is the end of the school day now, come with me to see the children said Mandisa I followed her to the classroom again and met up with the kids, meeting them made me feel important, I felt like I was a vital part of their lives, and that I could make a difference to their lives. Hello, my name is Keon, whats your name? questioned a young boy Eleza, I am here to help you and your class friends out. Yay, no-ones ever come to our village before, other than Aitan, your mayor Is your mum going to pick you up from school? I just wanted to talk to him, I wanted to make friends. My mum is gone Keon fell silent and faced the ground she is gone, but my dad is in the fields. I have to go; my older sister has a disease and needs all the support she can get. Before I could get a chance to comfort him he was gone. I walked down the road and met up with Mandisa. Come; come quick, its Keons sister! She is in desperate need of help. I didnt rely, I just ran with her to his home. There was a huge gathering of people out side of the house; me and Mandisa stepped into the sweltering house mounted of sad people, the mood was unbearable and cries came from the room that Keons sister lay. I ran into the room and looked into the eyes of the girl, I could see that she was in a cycle of eternal pain; I knew this was an incurable disease and couldnt help but feel sorry for the girl, at such a young age, (2 years younger than me and 3 years older than Keon.) I left the house and went to the little mud cottage where I was staying, I sat on the bed and relaxed, I cant stand emotional moments, it just brings back bad memories that Id rather not think about. There was a knock at the door, Hello, Eleza are you in there? sobbed a voice from behind the door, I went over to the door to find Keon looking at me then grasped my waist and burst into tears I hugged him for over 10 minutes before he let go and sat next to me on the bed and told me the tragic news about his sister. His father kindly invited me to the funeral then took Keon back home to get some sleep. I was shattered and was shocked by how much happened to me in one day, and was glad when the day came to a close. But I was eager to see what tomorrow had in store for me. African life chapter 14 Eleza, Eleza time to get up whispered a soft voice in my ear I couldnt talk because my lips were so dry and crisp they remained sealed, I leapt out of bed. They gave me a towel and a bucket of water to wash my face with. The first job of the day was to cover a simple lesson of spelling; I walked to the classroom with the children and was introduced to them all. I then started off the lesson by asking each individual child what they think their abilities are, this helped me to know what their level of learning is currently. The teachers didnt have books to teach from, just a teacher that goes by memory. I didnt get an education so I wasnt doing anything too complicated; I just went over what I already knew. The school day wasnt very long because the children got too hot in the classroom, after the class Mandisa met me outside. She told me that I was here to make a difference to the peoples lives and that I should try to make some tasks up for myself to complete. I thought for just a few moments then decided what I was going to do next. Keon showed me around the village and pointed over to the forest, or what remained of it anyway. I told him that I will protest against the men but I couldnt use force. I think I have a plan, what is the cutest creature in your forest? I questioned The baby monkeys are cute, they live high in the trees Keon replied Lets go then I shouted to him while running through the forest. Keon knew that there was only a slim chance that my plan would work and so he didnt get his hopes up. It took a while to spot any wildlife in the forest because the noise of the chainsaws had frightened them half to death, I crept up quietly to one of the babies, the mother was higher in the trees so she didnt see me coming, Keon gently lifted down the monkey and handed it to me, then we walked for miles and miles to find the campsite of the tree murderers and once there Keon gave a good firm knock on the door and waited for a response. Whos there came a voice behind them I turned around quickly and addressed them, We are begging you please stop cutting down the trees, so many animals die because you have taken away their home and family, here is a monkey that is calling out for your help I had to make up a sad story about the monkey or it wouldnt take effect. I am just against it as you but we must do this otherwise we are out of jobs and wont be able to afford to survive. I could see that the man wasnt the kind to give up easily and so I diverted to the second plan,you know, we will always have a place for you in the village and even though you have had you arguments with them, Im sure if you stop cutting the trees down they will be happy to take you in. if this didnt work then we were screwed. This is something I will consider, it wont be immediate but you idea will not be discarded, dont come back, we will move Im due course. The turned and walked away into their house, we went back to the village and carefully put the baby monkey back exactly where we found it. I went back to my where I slept the night before and rested there. As I lay I thought about all the changes I could make to this village if I put my mind to it, I wasnt an adult, but the village treated me as one and made me feel wanted. This was when I knew, my dream has become a reality, I wanted to make a difference to the world and help those in more need than me. For once in my life I feel that I have done my parents proud and just wish that they could be here beside me. Everyday for over a month I got up and helped around the village, and every evening I would visit Keons mother and comfort her because the loss of her daughter was still on her mind. I had gone through so many adventures in my life and only in 1 year I had gone half way across the world and have witnessed life and death pass me by, and yet am still at a young age of 14, but my birthday is next week and the village kindly offered to have a little bonfire to celebrate, Keon even offered to sing a traditional African song called Kpanlogo this song had a strong meaning behind it but he wanted to sing it because it had a great tune to it. Free life takes a change chapter 15 Keon was now a big part of my life and was like a brother to me, his mum was a thoughtful woman and she welcomed me into her family. I took the job of permanently teaching his class and in the process I even taught myself new things and the children told me about the animals and wildlife that surrounds them. That night Mandisa walked up to me with tears building up in her eyes, she told me that the mayor said that I couldnt stay any longer, he needed help back home. So unfortunately my time in Africa came to an end. I was heartbroken to leave my new family, I felt like someone when I was there and didnt want to go.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Psychology for Social Work Practice

Psychology for Social Work Practice Child development is the process of human growth and changes from birth through adolescence (Smith et al 2005). It is the study of how children develop perception, thought processes, emotional reactions and patterns of social behaviour (Mussein, 1990). Observation is a vital tool in analysing and understanding child development and holds key implication of effectiveness of social work practice in recent year (McKinnon 2008). The aim of this report is to analyse my observation of a two years three month old girl. My interpretation of the behaviour observed will be analysed critically using psychological theories with detail of the steps carried out in other to gain consent for the observation. Furthermore, the skills required for my observation will be described, in relation to my future practice, and some relevant psychological theories; stages of human development will be discussed including their relevance. Finally I will reflect on my learning and how it applies to social work as a profession. Child and Family Confidentiality Prior to the observation being conducted, I familiarized myself with the General Social Care Council (GSCC) (2002) Code of Practice to enable me to carry out the observation in a professional way. The child chosen for observation is my colleagues friends daughter, at the preliminary stage, I requested if I could observe her child for my coursework. My observers mother informed me she would discuss the issue with her husband and get back to me. A few days later, I was invited to meet both parents and was able to explain the aim of my assignment. Having explained my aim, I assured them that confidentiality will be maintained; their daughters identity will not be disclosed. I reassured the couple that their privacy will be respected and the daughters wellbeing will be paramount throughout. Consequently, I was given a verbal consent by both parents with approved signatures on the letter of agreement. Child Details As stated above, for anonymity, the childs name will not be mentioned, but will be referred to as Child A for the purpose of confidentiality as stated in GSCC 2002 section (2). Child A is a two years, three month old female. The observation took place at Child As family residence; she is the second child of the family, the only female, lives with her parents and her older brother of which the family composition is middle class, the aim of the observation is to observe Child As behaviour and also to learn how different behaviours relate to different theories. Skills required for structured observation Planning, respect, communication, working as partnership, reflection, listening and being focused are necessary skills required in carrying out structured observation. In Childs A selection process, I established a relationship of collaborative/partnership work between myself and Child As parents, listening to Child A communication with her family during observation has given me the insight of the importance of attentive listening through structured observation (CDWC 2007a: 7-8). The need to be focused by looking closely at Child A and not deviating from my aim has made me to understand how child learns and develop (HNCRC 2007). I also use reflective skills for child observation, as it enables me to reflect on what I have seen and provide accurate record of child behaviour (Wood et al 2005). Psychological theories and their relevance to social work practice Psychologists have defined behaviour in terms of bodily processes and social psychology defines it in terms of peoples interactions. For example Skinner (1953) believes that behaviour modification is based on operant conditioning and it is a way of assisting someone to change their unacceptable behaviour by offering a reward or punishment. From my observation in (Appendix week1), Child A, cries whenever she needs any item from Child B, she is aware of the attention gained whenever she cries and this will result in her getting what she wants. However, this behaviour could have negative consequences as well. Skinner will relate Child As behaviour as an operant conditioning, as Child A continues to cry for her older brothers toys, having known that her behaviour leads to a particular consequences. She behaves this way as she receives attention from her brother by always getting back the toys she wanted, which is reinforcement with reward, a behaviourist perspective. On the other hand, the study of behaviour by Bandura (1977) a Social perspective would disagree with Skinner, as Skinner would say that Child As behaviour is observational based on learning imitation. Child A may have seen someone at her school or a social gathering displaying such behaviour and so copies the same behaviour. Bandura (1971) suggested that learning moral rules by the individual is not in response to their exposure to punishment or reward, but by observing the behaviour of other people (Nicolson et al 2006: 23).This relates to Child As behaviour in (Appendix week1) and shows how the end result may not be as significant as the behaviourist perspective would have believed. As a professional social worker, working with people from different backgrounds it is important to have knowledge of psychological theories as its a vital tool that can be used to understand and interpret behaviour in social work practice. Also social workers need to have a wide knowledge of different cultures and be sure when they are applying psychological perspectives they have an objective mind taking into account individual differences such as ethical, cultural and religious. Stages of human development and its relevance to social work practice. The study of human development is the progressive behavioural changes in an individual from birth. Psychologists have identified the changes that occur at a similar age for most children, from research and evidence, these changes are dependent to some extent on maturation, although certain environmental factors must be present for development to take place and so its difficult to decide whether the appearance of a new ability is simply due to learning or maturation (Woods 2000:5). For instance, Jean Piaget (1932) cited in Wood (2000) proposes that children think differently from adults, their knowledge is structured differently and shows their understanding developed in the following stages: First stage is the Sensory Motor Stage (Birth to 18 months) At this first stage the child watches moving object, reach out towards it and is able to grab the object, the child will put the object in the mouth and try to explore it by biting and smelling. Second stage is Pre-Operational Stage (18 months- 7 years old) During this stage the language are developed using words and expression, which enable the child to talk about things and express ideas. Third stage is Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years) The child is able to centre more logical thinking and able to understand that it is possible for there to be two different view of the same thing at the same time and able to decentre. While the final stage is Formal Operational Stage (11 years and older) The child can manipulate ideas in its head, for example being able to calculate by thinking through imagining the impossible sequence. From cognitive perspective, Piaget also believed that the environment can affect childs development but, argued that it will not prevent a child from skipping the cognitive development stage. However, he would have interpreted Child As behaviour, as due to the fact that she is in the pre-operational stage and she demonstrates this behaviour by using ability and memory. Her thinking is in a non-logical manner as she suddenly cries for her mothers attention in other to get what she wants (Woods 2000:227-231). Relevance to social work practice The relevance of this observation to social work practise is that the use of theories would help to understand individuals behaviour. As a result social workers need to acquire skills and knowledge to enable them to understand the reason why a particular event occurs. To achieve this, social workers need to be aware of sensitive issues around them (Thompson 2005). However this observation process increased my understanding of Child A; as a very happy chid, to appreciate her skills and unique qualities and to come into her world and see things from her perspective (Faulkner, 1995). This has become so relevant, as the failing of professionals in the Laming Report (2003) highlights; which emphasises the need for professionals to move the focus away from the parents and back to the child (Copper, 2005). Reflect on my experience In reflecting on my role on child observation, I have learnt how to focus my attention and reflect on it afterwards, trying to make my presence less obvious. It is good practice to avoid assumption and being non-judgemental is vital. Each individual is different and their needs must be tailored to individual requirements. I now understand that self-reflection is a continuous process during observation, which is to reflect on what I am doing and reflect on my reaction and interpretation of what took place by thinking, writing and recording report. Payne (1997) defines reflection as to imagine alternative ways to understand situations using observation. In addition, looking into different theories and perspectives has given me the insight into how they can be applied to practice. Children also need to be encouraged to join in to activities that they may not be interested in, taking into account their reasons for not interacting. I have also learnt that children use gesture to express what they want to say if they are not in the mood to speak. This is of an interest to me as I want to work with children with special needs who are not able to communicate through speaking and use their behaviour as a way of communicating instead. As such this assignment has made me feel a little more confident in approaching people. Conclusion In conclusion, I have learnt greatly through observation and reading. I have realised that working from ones own personal perspective can be oppressive and it is better to use different perspectives in dealing with individuals. I have also gained knowledge on behaviourism and how it can be used to relate to childrens behaviour which is relevant to social work practice and not to have general assumption about children as there are individual differences. I have also acquired good knowledge and understanding of child development. REFERENCES Bandura A (1971) Social Learning Theory General Learning Press Childrens Workforce Development Council (CDWC 2007) (online) accessed on 25/11/2010 at http://www.cwdcouncil.org.uk accessed on 09/12/10 Copper A (2005) Surface and Depth in the Victoria Climbe Inquiry Report Child and Family Social Work 10 1-9 Faulkner D (1995) Play Self and the Social World In Barnes P (ed) Personal Social and Emotional Development of Children General Social Care Council (2002) (online) accessed on 26/11/2010 at http://www.socialworkconnections.org.uk/content.php?id=47 HNCRC (2007) The early years Foundation Stage: Effective Practice Observation Assessment and Planning Laming Report (2003) (online) accessed on 10/11/2010 at http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/documents/digitalasset/dh_110711.pdf McKinnon F (2008) Child Observation and Professional Practice In Ruch G (ed) Post-Qualifying Child Care Social Work Developing Reflective Practice Sage Mussein P (1990) (7th ed) Child Development Harper and Row publishers Nicolson P Bayner R and Owen J (2006) (3rd ed) Applied Psychology for Social Workers Payne M (1997) (2nd ed) Modern Social Work Theory Macmillan Skinner B F (1953) Science and Human Behaviour Macmillan Smith P C H and Blades M (2005) Understanding Children Development (4th ed) Blackwell Publishers Thompson N (2005) Understanding Social Work Preparing for Practice Palgrave Macmillan Woods B (2000) Basics in Psychology Hodder Stoughton Wood M Taylor J (2005) Early Childhood Studies: An Holistic Introduction Hodder Arnold