mental disorder Essay -- essays research papers fc

The definition of the concept of a â€Å"mental disorder,† is fundamental to the mental health field and has been an important yet controversial issue in psychology. To properly assess, treat, and even prevent mental disorders, psychologists must initially develop a clear understanding of the term. Labeling a person’s behavior as a mental disorder can affect the way they are viewed by others and the way in which they view themselves. Thus, it is important to achieve a good measure of what constitutes a mental disorder so that they are accurately diagnosed and treated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is a mental disorder? Currently, there are four criteria that are used to determine whether a person has a mental disorder. First, maladaptiveness of behavior refers to behavior of the individual that does not promote the well being of another individual or social group. Next, deviation from social norms is concerned with behavior straying from the standards that have been set by a particular society. Third, deviation from statistical norms refers to any type of behavior that is statistically rare and therefore unusual (Smith). However, according to this definition, a person who is extremely intelligent would be classified as abnormal. Thus we must consider yet another possibility. The fourth criterion considers mental disorder in terms of the individual’s personal distress rather than his or her behavior. This explanation is based on bizarreness, discomfort, and inefficiency. Whil...

Discussion Board 2 †Apologetics Essay

1. What are some ways the Christian gospel is perceived in our culture? To many individuals, the Christian gospel is seen as selective and intolerant. Although we are all free to accept the gift of salvation through Christ, He tells us in John 14:6 that He is â€Å"the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me.† To many, this will seem intolerant and almost haughty. How can a God who wants nothing more than to have a relationship with us say that there is only one way to do so? 2. What are some specific moral reasons people may reject the Christian gospel? Many individuals who will reject the Christian gospel do so for moral reasons such as their sexual preferences (gay, bi, or straight), their marital status, or the apparent intolerant moral code found in the Word of God. People believe that you have to give up everything that is worldly to follow Christ, and that Christians think they are more righteous than others. The fact is, you will have to give up living in sin, and you will have to give up treasures of the world, but the heavenly treasures that you gain will outshine any possession that you will have on this earth. 3. What are some specific emotional reasons people may reject the Christian gospel? One specific emotional reason that people will reject the Christian gospel is that they cannot grasp the concept of God’s unconditional love. God loves each and every one of us, even the worst sinner, and tells us in His Word. People will say things like â€Å"God would not let me be poor, or God would not have let me be abused like I was.† Even though we are all loved by God, and He wants us to have a relationship with Him and be happy and well, even the most devout Christian has to go through trials and tribulations. 4. What are some specific intellectual reasons people may reject the Christian gospel? For most Christians, believing in God is â€Å"faith-based,† and that there is no room for science and fact in Christianity. Many non-Christians will say that the Bible is nothing more than a collection of fairy tales for those who are easily enchanted and to make the people who read them feel good. The intellectual non-believer’s insistence that the Bible has no basis in fact  is one reason that they will reject the message, even though there is historical proof to show that Christ lived, died, and was resurrected, as well as that many other Biblical places and people existed at one point in time, even if they do not anymore. 5. What can Christians do to address these objections and better communicate the Christian gospel? As Christians, when we approach someone and begin to talk about our faith, it may seem like they are a little frightened, or maybe just upset and unwilling to take a leap of faith. They maybe feel like we have come on too strong, even though we know that we are just eager to talk about our faith. It is important for Christians to learn that we need to be patient with others but also diligent as we share the gospel of Christ.

What Is Customer Lifetime Value Essay - 1756 Words

What is Customer Lifetime Value? â€Å"CLV is a projection to estimate a customer s monetary worth to a business after factoring in the value of the relationship with a customer over time. CLV is an important metric for determining how much money a company wants to spend on acquiring new customers and how much repeat business a company can expect from certain consumers† (Rouse, 2016). CLV can be used to identify the most and least profitable customers of a company and is based on the accumulated cash flow received directly or indirectly from a customer. Three metrics are used to calculate CLV, purchase frequency (how often a customer buys), gross contribution margin (how much the customer buys), and marketing cost (which are the resources used to increase the value of existing customer relationships and to retain customers). Using these metrics to calculate CLV equips companies with the information they need in order to effectively direct their marketing activities. Companies can use CLV to design marketing s trategies tailored to the specific needs of individual customers or to customer groups. They can also use CLV to tell them how responsive customers are to various marketing communication channels, and help companies, â€Å"formulate other customer-level strategies, such as customer selection and purchase sequence analysis to target the right customers for acquisition† (Kumar, 2006). Clark (2010) in the article The 16 business benefits of Customer Lifetime Value, uses TheShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Customer Lifetime Value? Essay1833 Words   |  8 PagesDiscussion 1 †¢ What is Customer Lifetime Value? Customer Lifetime Value is a metric used in marketing that represents the total net profit a company will gain from any given customer (Rouse, 2016). A company can describe a profitable customer as â€Å"a person, household, or company whose revenues over time exceed, by an acceptable amount, the company costs of attracting, selling, and servicing that customer† (Berger Nasr, 1998). The customer’s revenue that is excess is considered to be the customer lifetimeRead MoreWhat Is Customer Lifetime Value?.. Many Companies Use Customer1284 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Customer Lifetime Value? Many companies use Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) as a way of â€Å"segmenting [their] customer base† (Gallo, 2014, para 4). You may ask why a company would want to segment their customer base, and the reason is that this allows a company to better service them. CLV, in short, allows a company to determine how much profit they can generate from a customer over the lifespan of that customer (Gallo,2014). Different customers will generate different amounts of profit forRead MoreWhat Can You Increase The Lifetime Value Of Your Customers2773 Words   |  12 PagesZappos One of the easiest ways to increase the lifetime value of your customers is exceptionally great customer service. For example, Zappos will automatically upgrade your shipping to next day air every once in a while. And it also offers a 1-year return policy with little or no questions asked. By providing exceptionally great customer service, you will not only make happy customers, but you’ll have customers who will continue to come back. In the short run, this may end up costing your companyRead MoreNorthern Aero Data (Clv) Case Analysis Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion 1 1) The lifetime value of a typical customer in each segment when the discount rate is 15%. * Exhibit 1 shows that the customer lifetime value for each segment with a 15% discount rate. * The lifetime value of a typical customer in the platinum( top 20%) segment is worth $3496. * The lifetime value of a typical customer in the platinum( low 80%) segment is worth $2394. * The lifetime value of a typical customer in the gold ( top 20%) segment is worth $1415. Read MoreEssay about Customer Life Time Value Model for Syphone1163 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion 1 What is the lifetime value of a typical customer in each of the four segments, in current dollar values? Compare these figures to the â€Å"Gross margin† figures in the original spreadsheet. What can you learn from this comparison? Solution 1 Following are the lifetime value of a typical customer in each of the four segments, in current dollar values. Segments / Segment description Customer lifetime value Gross margins Large accounts $78,454 $63,000 Large accounts, rebate $70,769 $36Read More Case Study: Office Depot Essay884 Words   |  4 Pages(1) What marketing orientation or approach does Office Depot appear to be using now? How does Office Depot create value for its customers? Describe two things it could do it move it more toward implementing the marketing concept. After the situation has been addressed by Steve Haines, Office Depot appears to be using a societal marketing concept approach. A societal marketing approach is carried out by making good marketing decisions through considering consumers’ wants, the company’s requirementsRead MoreCase Study : Customer Strategy Enterprise929 Words   |  4 Pages Customer-Strategy Enterprise Harinder Singh Institution Customer-Strategy Enterprise Under what conditions should a customer strategy enterprise consider firing an unprofitable customer? Search the Web for a company that has successfully fired customers in the past. What policies are successful, and what policies are likely to create mistrust? The rule of thumb in customer relationship management is to get, keep, and grow a valuable customer base. It means that organizations should consistentlyRead MoreBbva Essay726 Words   |  3 Pages1. What is the role of offline and online advertising in acquiring checking account customers for the bank? Building brand awareness, gaining trust, and improving consideration among potential bank customers for opening new checking accounts is the role of offline and online advertising in acquiring checking account customers. Another role that offline and online advertising plays in acquiring checking account customers for the bank is by being a gateway for other lines of businesses withinRead MoreCustomer Lifetime Value and Return on Marketing1459 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study: Conroy’s Acura: Customer Lifetime Value and Return on Marketing Case Summary: Conroy’s Acura was founded in November 1986 by Ross Conroy, a veteran of the car industry who also owned a General Motors dealership to open in Toronto and one of the first in North America. Located in downtown Toronto, Conroy’s Acura sold both new and pre-owned vehicles, and its service department was dedicated to Acura Products. Conroy’s Acura was an independently owned dealership that held a franchiseRead MoreKansai Case Study1460 Words   |  6 Pagesteam have developed several initiatives to try and turn themselves into a customer-centric organization. These incentives include: * Zutto - Operating without contracts. The customer pays up front and receives some benefit at the end of the commitment period in an attempt to elicit behavior (such as paying for another period) * Welcome Calls – Personal contact with each new customer in an attempt to keep customers from switching carriers. * Brand Strategy – Sign movie stars to produce

Suicide Among Teenagers How Do Social Factors Worsen A...

Suicide among Teenagers How do social factors worsen a teenager’s depression leading to his suicide? Suicide is a prevalent problem that occurs throughout the world especially in adolescents. In Judith Guest’s novel Ordinary People, she discusses the issues that a teenager encounters after the death of a loved one as well as his constant struggles dealing with his parents. Outside sources give insight what adolescents face within the family, with friends, and the emotional disruption it can cause leading to thoughts of suicide. Social environments can cause psychological difficulties aggravating the thoughts of a depressed teenager. Factors such as peer, family, and psychological influences can exacerbate a teenager’s severity of depression ultimately leading to his suicide. To begin with, suicide is common among many young adolescents. Those who seek suicide view it as an option to end the pain they are dealing with. Friends that do not understand the issue can worsen the situation and the teenager feels even more isolated. Adolescents are more prone to suicide when they have little to no relationship to members of society. Social groups as school that exclude a teenager, cause him to feel isolated and unwanted, which lead to self-harm. Those that feel isolated withdraw from society and activities that once made them happy. Non-communication with friends can lead an adolescent to feel as though he is a burden or are not worth having friends. If this occurs, it canShow MoreRelatedBullying Effects900 Words   |  4 Pagesspreading rumors, calling someone names or through the Internet, there are many different causes of bullying, why it occurs, and how it effects the victim. The causes of bullying can influence how the bully decides to target a victim. Victims of bullying can be targeted through physical, verbal, indirect or cyber bullying. The effects of bullying can be severe and long-lasting among victims. Physical bullying is one of the most-common types of bullying. â€Å"In many cases the bullys childhood is marredRead MoreWhat Causes Depression And Can It Be Prevented?1281 Words   |  6 Pageshigh rate of depression-related suicide among teenagers. WHAT CAUSES DEPRESSION AND CAN IT BE PREVENTED? It s not known exactly what causes depression. As with many mental disorders, a variety of factors may be involved (Mayo). Depression often begins in the teens, 20s or 30s, but it can happen at any age. More women are diagnosed with depression more than men, but this may be due in part because women are more likely to seek treatment. There are a number of factors that may increase the chance ofRead MoreThe Dangers Of The Teenage Years2213 Words   |  9 PagesDepression is a serious concern among teenagers in the United States today. More and more teenagers are committing suicide every day because of this serious issue.. In order to understand why teenagers are doing this, we need to develop a basic understanding of what depression is and how it affects people (in this case, teenagers). We also need to discuss treatment options, such as medications and psychotherapies that may help treat individuals with depression. Many teenagers in the United States todayRead MoreDepression And Its Effects On Teens1268 Words   |  6 Pagesdisease, affecting teens at an increasing rate, and it is essential for one to know what teenage depression is, how depression affects teenagers and what can be done to prevent it. Depression in teens is a mental health condition that causes a continuous feeling of sadness over a prolonged period of time and a loss of interest in activities. This state of being affects how the teenager thinks, feels and behaves, which causes emotional, functional and physical complications. Symptoms of depressionRead MoreAsian-American ´s Suicide1143 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch, California State Fullerton professor Eliza Noh states that Asian-American women of the age 15 to 24 have the highest rates of suicide than any other racial, ethnic, or gender group. The â€Å"model minority† pressure—â€Å"socially produced pressure internalized by families of some Asian-American children to be high achievers at school and professionally†Ã¢â‚¬â€plays a large factor to the issue, especially since girls, who are more affected by it than boys, are expected to become the â€Å"perfect mother, daughterRead MoreThe Mental Health Of The Wealthy1842 Words   |à ‚  8 Pagesdepression is a mental illness that many students experience and that the school will appeal to. Likewise, the school does not realize the magnitude of stress it places on its students and how mentally damaging it can be for certain individuals like Craig. The school fails to communicate its support for its students, so they do not feel safe enough to speak up about their personal problems that interfere with their academics and mental health. It is important to acknowledge the effects of hyperstress andRead MoreViolence in the Media Essay3310 Words   |  14 Pages Violence in Media and Subliminal Messages Media negatively impacts its viewers, resulting in violent behavior through desensitization, creating fearful and aggressive attitudes, while reducing their ability to be creative, which will only worsen in the future due to the magnification and importance on violence in society today. Violence and aggression were once seen as shameful; however acts of aggression have increased by 46% since the 1970’s and by 2030 are expected to increase by another 24%Read MoreDepression across the Lifespan1470 Words   |  6 PagesDepression is the most common mental disorder, not only for adults, but for children and teenagers as well. The DSM-IV classifies depression as a mood disorder. It states that an individual has suffered a â€Å"major depressive episode† if certain symptoms persist for at least two weeks, including a loss of enjoyment in previously pleasurable activities, a sad or irritable mood, a significant change in weight or appetite, problems sleeping or concentrati ng, and feelings of worthlessness. These symptomsRead MoreHistory of Depression1466 Words   |  6 Pageswas caused by neurochemical imbalances rather than psychological traumas. It has never been proven what really causes depression, the modern belief is in the combination of both causes. Until 1980s, psychiatrists did not believe that children and teenagers could suffer from depression. They thought that true depression can not exist before person develops idealized self-image (called the supergo), but tests and surveys have shown otherwise, that also strengthens the chemical theory DEPRESSED ORRead MoreAdolescent Is Emotional And Emotional Development1925 Words   |  8 Pagesreason is that their brain is still learning how to control and express their emotions in a mature manner. Sometimes they may not react at all to important matters. Other times an adolescent may become too moody. In some cases, an adolescent may even become depressed. Teen depression can be caused by multiple reasons. School performance, social status with peers, sexual orientation, emotional stress, or family life can each have a major effect on how a teen feels. Adolescents with depression with

The Spread of European Imperialism Essay - 1162 Words

Throughout the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries, the world witnessed a global expansion as well as a compaction of people, cultures, and ideas. The need for goods, as well as the process of mercantilism to inflate economies, was instrumental in the advancement of seafaring technologies, the need to spread religion, and the eventual globalization of the slave market. The four major regions in the world, which were the stepping stones of globalization, are Africa, Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean, the Americas, and finally East Asia. The abundance of resources, especially salt, gold, and slaves in Africa, especially after the fall of the Ottoman Empire, was too much for Europe to ignore. Most European countries, Italy†¦show more content†¦European presence in Africa also helped the people of Africa to expand. With the collapse of the Great Silk Road, trade routes through the waters became more necessary. Muslims and Europeans fought over the Indian Ocean and the several prosperous ports (plus major cities and villages in Ethiopia) during the fifteenth and sixteenth century. (McKay et al., 2009) Although Muslims had controlled the Indian Ocean trade for centuries, Portugal’s ability to circumvent the southern tip of Africa led to war and Portugal’s eventual defeat of Muslim traders and their imperialism throughout the Southeast Asian market. Africa’s Swahili people and their ivory, copra and rhinoceros horns and China’s â€Å"age of commerce†, which was developing within the neighboring countries of Vietnam and Burma, multiplied the available goods for Europeans to bring back home. (McKay et al., 2009) Portugal, as with most European countries, was beginning their recovery financially after years of war and plague. With the growth of trade and the amount of people in the Indian Ocean area, religion quickly followed. (McKay et al., 2009) Again, Muslims and Europeans were in battle. But this time they fought for religious supremacy in numbers. Each faction quickly moved to convert as many people as possible. Settlements were formed, cities grew, and customs and culture began mixing in an early version of a melting pot. (McKay et al., 2009) Once ColumbusShow MoreRelatedCompare And Contrast The Old And New Imperialism1600 Words   |  7 PagesImperialism is the movement of colonizing people by gaining political and economic, cultural control of other regions. There are two types of imperialism happened in different time periods which are the old and new imperialism. The old imperialism occurred between the sixteenth and the eighteenth century. It was the time when the European powers started to expand their empires through conquest and trade with other countries. After the American Revolution, it prompted the ideas of new imperialismRead MoreImperialism : An Age Of Colonization For European Countries800 Words   |  4 PagesImperialism Essay The Age of Imperialism was an age of colonization for European countries. It began in the mid-1800s and ended in the early twentieth century. The most powerful countries of Europe raced to conquer and change the government, economic system, and social ways of Asian and African territories. But imperialism wasn t wonderful, especially for the colonies. Innocent people were enslaved, forced to work all day long under no other options. Resources were exploited, stolen from peopleRead MoreImperialism as a Source of Many Conflicts throughout History658 Words   |  3 PagesImperialism a source of most if not all conflicts throughout history. No matter the century or time period, the start of all wars, battles, and conflicts all draw their roots back to imperialism. Imperialism have had great impacts on nations and brought many changes to societies and their cultures. It has impacted on people lives and how they live. It has affected our societies to this day and shaped or helped create f oundations for our countries and cultures that we have today. Imperialism beganRead MoreImperialism in the 19th century1746 Words   |  7 Pagesgreat deal of Imperialism in the 19th century, led by mostly westerners from Europe. Imperialism is the act in which one nation extends its rule over another. Imperialism had a substantial effect on the 19th century throughout the entire world by bringing upon changes to many different countries, for better and for worse, especially to Africa. Prior to the nineteenth century, westerners did interfere with many of the affairs of nations outside of their boarders, so signs of imperialism are shown manyRead MoreImperialism and India Essay1067 Words   |  5 Pagescultural, or economic life by one country is called imperialism. (Esler, page. 632) European imperialism began in the 1800s. â€Å"European nations won empires in the Americas after1492, established colonies in India and Southeast Asia, and gained toeholds on the coast of Africa and China. Despite these gains, between 1500 and 1800, Europe had little influence on the lives of the peoples of China, India or Africa.† (Esler, page.632) Then the Europeans industrialized and believe western cultures wereRead MoreEssay on Imperialism: From Europe to The West1514 Words   |  7 PagesEarly in the twentieth century, imperialism was brought up by European powers of the time; Germany, Great Britain, France, and Russia. These nations were after raw materials in A sia, Africa, and South America and when they realize that they could not retrieve it, they began to colonize smaller counties that contain the many resources they need and used it for their benefit. Western values played a big part in European imperialism. European civilization experienced a period of extraordinary rapidRead MoreImperialism Essay771 Words   |  4 PagesImperialism could be considered as a defining characteristic of America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Imperialism is defined as â€Å"a policy of extending a countrys power and influence through diplomacy or military force† (Imperialism and Immigration). When it comes to imperialism in America, I must say that other factors were more influential than social Darwinism. Although I do agree to a certain extent that social Darwinism did play a big role, things such as expansionist objectivesRead MoreCauses Of Imperialism1107 Words   |  5 PagesImperialism Essay Growing up, many children play the board game â€Å"Battleship,† where a player’s main goal is to conquer his opponent’s ships and, eventually, land. Similarly, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the nation of Europe and other countries took over and influenced countries that they believed were inferior to them. This process, known as imperialism, is defined as â€Å"a policy of extending a countrys power and influence through diplomacy or military force† (googleRead MoreUuhujsdkkd1008 Words   |  5 PagesGlobalization demonstrate the spread of historical globalization and colonial influence? Explain using examples. The map demonstrates the spread of historical globalization and colonial influence because it represents the European Imperialism and Europe’s scramble for empire. European Imperialism contributed to the spread of science, religion, philosophy, and technology - which originated from Europe -, to the countries it colonized. During the 17th and 18th centuries Europeans were very competitive withRead MoreThe Horrors of Imperialism: The Belgian Congo Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesImperialism is the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. In 1870, the European powers took over the African Congo and enslaved the natives. Moreover, they were forced to work the land, so the Europeans could obtain the products they needed by using a cheap labor force to turn around and sell them at a profit. These products included such commodities as rubber, diamonds and coffee (A New World

Types of Contracts Free Essays

TYPES OF CONTRACTS The risk shared between the buyer and seller is determined by the contract type. Although the firm-fixedprice type of contractual arrangement is typically the preferred type which is encouraged and often demanded by most organizations, there are times when another contract form may be in the best interests of the project. If a contract type other than fixed-price is intended, it is incumbent on the project team to justify its use. We will write a custom essay sample on Types of Contracts or any similar topic only for you Order Now The type of contract to be used and the specific contract terms and conditions fix the degree of risk being assumed by the buyer and seller. All legal contractual relationships generally fall into one of two broad families, either fixed-price or cost reimbursable. Also, there is a third hybrid-type commonly in use called the time and materials contract. The more popular of the contract types in use are discussed below as discrete types, but in practice it is not unusual to combine one or more types into a single procurement. Fixed price contracts. This category of contracts involves setting a fixed total price for a defined product or service to be provided. Fixed-price contracts may also incorporate financial incentives for achieving or exceeding selected project objectives, such as schedule delivery dates, cost and technical performance, or anything that can be quantified and subsequently measured. Sellers under fixed-price contracts are legally obligated to complete such contracts, with possible financial damages if they do not. Under the fixed-price arrangement, buyers must precisely specify the product or services being procured. Changes in scope can be accommodated, but generally at an increase in contract price. Firm Fixed Price Contracts (FFP). The most commonly used contract type is the FFP. It is favored by most buying organizations because the price for goods is set at the outset and not subject to change unless the scope of work changes. Any cost increase due to adverse performance is the responsibility of the seller, who is obligated to complete the effort. Under the FFP contract, the buyer must precisely specify the product or services to be procured, and any changes to the procurement specification can increase the costs to the buyer. Fixed Price Incentive Fee Contracts (FPIF). This fixed-price arrangement gives the buyer and seller some flexibility in that it allows for deviation from performance, with financial incentives tied to achieving agreed to metrics. Typically such financial incentives are related to cost, schedule, or technical performance of the seller. Performance targets are established at the outset, and the final contract price is determined after completion of all work based on the seller’s performance. Under FPIF contracts, a price ceiling is set, and all costs above the price ceiling are the responsibility of the seller, who is obligated to complete the work. Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment Contracts (FP-EPA). This contract type is used whenever the seller’s performance period spans a considerable period of years, as is desired with many long-term relationships. It is a fixed-price contract, but with a special provision allowing for pre-defined final adjustments to the contract price due to changed conditions, such as inflation changes, or cost increases (or decreases) for specific commodities. The EPA clause must relate to some reliable financial index which is used to precisely adjust the final price. The FP-EPA contract is intended to protect both buyer and seller from external conditions beyond their control. Cost-reimbursable contracts. This category of contract involves payments (cost reimbursements) to the seller for all legitimate actual costs incurred for completed work, plus a fee representing seller profit. Cost-reimbursable contracts may also include financial incentive clauses whenever the seller exceeds, or falls below, defined objectives such as costs, schedule, or technical performance targets. Three of the more common types of cost-reimbursable contracts in use are Cost Plus Fixed Fee (CPFF), Cost Plus Incentive Fee (CPIF), and Cost Plus Award Fee (CPAF). A cost-reimbursable contract gives the project flexibility to redirect a seller whenever the scope of work cannot be precisely defined at the start and needs to be altered, or when high risks may exist in the effort. Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contracts (CPFF). The seller is reimbursed for all allowable costs for performing the contract work, and receives a fixed fee payment calculated as a percentage of the initial estimated project costs. Fee is paid only for completed work and does not change due to seller performance. Fee amounts do not change unless the project scope changes. Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contracts (CPIF). The seller is reimbursed for all allowable costs for performing the contract work and receives a predetermined incentive fee based upon achieving certain performance objectives as set forth in the contract. In CPIF contracts, if the final costs are less or greater than the original estimated costs, then both the buyer and seller share costs from the departures based upon a prenegotiated cost sharing formula, e. g. , an 80/20 split over/under target costs based on the actual performance of the seller. Cost Plus Award Fee Contracts (CPAF). The seller is reimbursed for all legitimate costs, but the majority of the fee is only earned based on the satisfaction of certain broad subjective performance criteria defined and incorporated into the contract. The determination of fee is based solely on the subjective determination of seller performance by the buyer, and is generally not subject to appeals. Time and Material Contracts (TM). Time and material contracts are a hybrid type of contractual arrangement that contain aspects of both cost-reimbursable and fixed-price contracts. They are often used for staff augmentation, acquisition of experts, and any outside support when a precise statement of work cannot be quickly prescribed. These types of contracts resemble cost-reimbursable contracts in that they can be left open ended and may be subject to a cost increase for the buyer. The full value of the agreement and the exact quantity of items to be delivered may not be defined by the buyer at the time of the contract award. Thus, TM contracts can increase in contract value as if they were cost-reimbursable contracts. Many organizations require not-toexceed values and time limits placed in all TM contracts to prevent unlimited cost growth. Conversely, TM contracts can also resemble fixed unit price arrangements when certain parameters are specified in the contract. Unit labor or material rates can be preset by the buyer and seller, including seller profit, when both parties agree on the values for specific resource categories, such as senior engineers at specified rates per hour, or categories of materials at specified rates per unit. How to cite Types of Contracts, Papers

Evaluation and Judgment free essay sample

Pamela Applewhite Evaluation and Judgment What are the different ways in which we evaluate people? We evaluate people in many ways. We tend to evaluate people first by their outer appearance. Once we carry a conversation with them, it is then we evaluate them based on their values, morals, beliefs and sometimes cultural and educational background. These evaluations play into our expectations by stereotypes and notions. The first impression can be a disadvantage because of pre -conceived notions and stereotypes which are false. We can misguide our self into believing somebody is something they are not. Once we begin to interact with one another and form true opinions we can get to know an individual for who they are, and not imagined expectations. How do these factors play a role in our expectations of other people? These evaluations play into our expectations by creating stereotypes and notions. Stereotypes are misguided judgments, and notions are pre-conceived ideas we have about people. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluation and Judgment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We learn to expect certain people to speak and carry themselves in specific ways. We also expect specific groups to carry specific jobs and societal functions. Our expectations are often right, but it is not a good idea to work off of expectations. As the old adage goes, you cannot judge a book by its cover. The factors we use to evaluate people must be used with great diligence because they could be false and incorrect. What are the disadvantages of these expectations? The first impression can be a disadvantage because of pre -conceived notions and stereotypes which are false. We can misguide our self into believing somebody is something they are not. Once we begin to interact with one another and form true opinions we can get to know an individual for who they are, and not imagined expectations. Expectations also set limitations and dont allow us to reach our full open minded potential. In order to become better people we must really look at individual for their actions and values, rather than first impressions or generalized stereotypes. Expectations can truly inhibit new positive relationships from being formed.